Association of Congenital Anomalies in Newborns with Maternal and Fetal Factors in North Gujarat Region, India: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Authors

  • Nilesh Thakor GMERS Medical College, Vadnagar, Gujarat
  • Dhruv Nimbalkar Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Visnagar, Gujarat
  • Pankaj Nimbalkar Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Visnagar, Gujarat

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.130920222194

Keywords:

congenital anomalies, congenital malformations, still births, birth defects, fetal factors, maternal factors

Abstract

Background: Approximately 8 to 15% of perinatal deaths and 13 to 16% of neonatal deaths in India are a result of congenital anomalies. The objective of the research was to study incidence of clinically detectable congenital malformations in newborns delivered at secondary and tertiary hospitals and their association with maternal and fetal factors.

Material and methods: This study include all new-borns delivered at secondary and tertiary care hospitals in the Mehsana districts of Gujarat, India from January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2021. A total of 6900 consecutive births were examined for visible structural anomalies to determine the overall incidence and distribution of congenital malformations and their association with feto-maternal factors.

Results: Total numbers of malformed babies were 90 with incidence of 1.30%. Incidence of malformed babies was 1.54% among mother in the age group of 21-35 years, 3.57% among mother with consanguineous marriage, and 6.67.% among mothers with severe anemia. The incidence was 0.97% in babies <1500 birth weight, 0.97% among live births and 12.5% among preterm babies.

Conclusion: Congenital anomalies in newborns are significantly associated with maternal factors like maternal age, consanguinity, previous child with malformation, history of previous abortion and severe anemia and fetal factors such as stillbirth, premature babies, and low birth weight.

References

Patel PK. Profile of major congenital anomalies in the Dhahira region, Oman. Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2007 Mar;27(2):106-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2007.106 PMid:17356321 PMCid:PMC6077039

Chaturvedi P, Banerjee KS. Spectrum of congenital malformations in newborns from rural Maharashtra. Indian J Pediatr. 1989; 56:501-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02722424 PMid:2633992

Datta V., Chaturvedi P., Congenital malformations in rural maharastra , Indian paediatrics 2000; 37:998-1001.

Khanna M.P., Prasad L.S, congenital malformations in the newborn. Indian journal of paediatrics.1967; 230:63-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02776849 PMid:6077540

Swain S., Agarwal A., Bhatia B.D., Congenital malformations at birth. Indian paediatrics 1994; 31:1187-1191

Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC. Neonatal-perinatal medicine. The Central Nervous System. 8th ed. Phialadelphia: Mosby. 2006:883-933.

Harris JA, James L. State‐by‐state cost of birth defects‐1992. Teratology. 1997 Jul 1;56(1‐2):11-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199707/08)56:1/2<11::AID-TERA4>3.0.CO;2-4

Botto LD, Lynberg MC, Erickson JD. Congenital heart defects, maternal febrile illness, and multivitamin use: a population-based study. Epidemiology. 2001 Sep 1:485-90. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200109000-00004 PMid:11505164

Fernando S, Bandara T, Sathanantharajah R, Withanaarachchi K. Pattern of clinically recognisable congenital malformations in ba-bies born in a tertiary referral centre in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Medical Journal. 2014 Dec 27;59(4). Doi: https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v59i4.7866 PMid:25556410

Desai N., Desai A., Congenital anomalies, a prospective study at Bombay hospital, Bombay hospital journal 2006; 48:442-445.

Saifullah S.,Chandra R. K., Pathak I.C. et al congenital malformation in newborn. Indian paediatrics 1967; 4: 251-260.

Taksande A., Vilhekar K. , Chaturvedi P., Jain M., Congenital malformation at birth in central india, Indian journal of human genetics 2010;16:159-163. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6866.73412 PMid:21206705 PMCid:PMC3009428

Anand JS, Javadekar BB, Belani Mala. Congenital malformations in 2000 consecutive births. Indian Pediatr 1988; 25:845-51.

Kalra Ajay ,Kalra K. ,Sharma V. et. Al congenital malformations ,Indian paediatrics 1984; 21:945-949.

Sagunabai N. S., Mascarena Mary ,Syamalan K. et. al. An etiological study of congenital malformation in the new born, Indian paediat-rics 1982 ;19:1003-1007.

Yang Q, Wen SW, Leader A. Paternal age and birth defects: how strong is the association? Hum Reprod 2007; 22:696-701. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del453 PMid:17164268

Downloads

Published

2022-09-30

How to Cite

1.
Thakor N, Nimbalkar D, Nimbalkar P. Association of Congenital Anomalies in Newborns with Maternal and Fetal Factors in North Gujarat Region, India: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Natl J Community Med [Internet]. 2022 Sep. 30 [cited 2024 Dec. 3];13(09):602-5. Available from: https://njcmindia.com/index.php/file/article/view/2194

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles