Body Mass Index and Its Association with Selected Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in A Rural Area in Karnataka, India
Keywords:
Body Mass Index, laboratory investigations, non-communicable diseases, risk factors, ruralAbstract
Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) has been shown to be an important predictor of risk of non- communicable diseases (NCDs) and associated with risk factors for NCDs This study was conducted to determine the association of BMI with sociodemographic, biochemical (fasting glucose, lipid profile), blood pressure and anthropometric (waist hip measurements) risk factors for NCDs in a rural area.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in a village in Karnataka, through a house-to-house survey of persons ≥ 18 years of age, employing a questionnaire and laboratory investigations. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile was measured.
Findings: Of the 585 subjects, 45%, 25.3%, 29.7% were in normal, underweight and pre-obese/obese BMI categories respectively. Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal HDL, systolic hypertension (≥ 140mmHg), diastolic hypertension (≥ 90mmHg) was 17.7%, 72.6%, 7.5% and 10.3% respectively In the pre-obese/obese category, 72.5% had abnormal waist circumference and WHR (41%) respectively. Association of BMI with gender, age, waist-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting triglycerides (all P = 0.001) and HDL (P = 0.038) was observed.
Conclusion: BMI was associated with increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia, increased fasting blood glucose and hypertension and are serious health problems in rural India also.
References
Alberti KGMM, Robert HE, Grundy SM,et al.Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome : A Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epi-demiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2009.
Kinra S, Bowen LJ, Lyngdoh T, et al. Sociodemographic patterning of non-communicable disease risk factors in rural India: a cross sectional study. BMJ 2010; 341: c 4974.
WHO. Physical status:the use and interpretation of an-thropometry, report of a WHOexpert consultation. WHO Technical report series No. 854, Geneva; World health Or-ganization, 1995.
Kapoor SK and Anand K. Nutritional transition: a public health challenge in developing countries. J Epid. Commu-nity Health 2002; 56: 804-05.
Assessment of burden of non-communicable diseases: project supported by WHO. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 2006.
Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Shukla HC and Hebert JR. As-sociation between tobacco use and body mass index in urban Indian population: Implications for public health in India. BMC Public Health 2006, 6: 70.
Monica Manual Section 2, Part III. {internet}, 1998.. Available: URL:http://www.thl.fi/publications/monica/ mono-graph_cd/docs/manual/part3/iii-2.htm#s3 (Accessed Feb 13, 2014)
P Malhotra, Savita Kumari, S Singh, S Varma. Isolated Lipid Abnormalities in Rural and UrbanNormotensive and Hypertensive North-West Indians.Journal of Associ-ation of Physicians of India2003; 51, 459-63.
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Bethesda (MD); 2004 Aug available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/phycard.pdf(Accessed May 18, 2011)
Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and itsimplications for policy and intervention strategies. Public health, Lancet 2004; 363:157–63 And Source: Adapted from WHO, 1995, WHO, 2000 and WHO 2004.Available at http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html(Accessed Sept 8, 2011)
Waist circumference and Waist-hip ratio. Report of a WHO Expert consultation, Geneva, 8-11 December, 2008 available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/ 9789241501491_eng.pdf(Accessed Feb 10, 2014)
Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications, Part : Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2:52, 1999.
U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes Of Health, National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute. NIH Publication No. 01-3305, May 2001 available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ guide-lines/cholesterol/atglance.pdf. (AccessedFeb 10, 2014).
Diet, nutritionand prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. WHO Tech-nical Report series 916 Geneva. Available from URL:http://whq libdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_trs_916. (Accessed July 29, 2013)
Durnin J V G A.Low body mass index, physical work ca-pacity and physical activity levels.Eur J ClinNutr. 1994,48 Supplement 3:S39-44.
Untoro J, Gross R, Schultink W, Sediaoetima D. The asso-ciation between BMI and Hemoglobin and work produc-tivity among Indonesian female factory workers. Eur J ClinNutr 1998,52:131-135.
Mendez MA, Monteiro CA,Popkin BM. Overweight ex-ceeds underweight among women in most developing countries. Am J ClinNutr March 2005 vol. 81 no. 3 714-721.
Low S, Chin MC, Ma S, Heng D, Deurenberg –Yap M. Ra-tionale for redefining obesity in Asians. Annals of Acad-emy of Medicine, Singapore 2009,38,1,66-74.
Todkar SS, Gujarathi VV, Tapare VS. Period Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors of Hypertension in Rural Maharashtra: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Commu-nity Med. 2009 July; 34(3): 183-187.
Malini DS, Sahu A, Mohapatro S, Tripathy R. Assess-ment of Risk Factors for Development of Type-II Diabe-tes Mellitus Among Working Women in Berhampur, Orissa.Indian J Community Med. 2009 Jul;34(3):232-6.
Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL, eds. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and re-gional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
GOI, 2008. Annual report 2007-08, Min of health and Family welfare, New Delhi, India.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
