Health Care Seeking Interval and Fatality Rate in Swine Flu (H1n1) Epidemic in Surat City
Keywords:
Swine flu, H1N1, epidemic, Surat, fatality rate, incidenceAbstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to assess influence of reporting time to health care setup on fatality rate in early 2015 swine flu epidemic.
Method: All Swine flu positive cases reported to Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) from Jan to March 2015 were included in the study. Hospital records were studied retrospectively to gather desired information.
Results: Incidence rate and fatality rate of swine flu was 16.38 per lac and 5.91% respectively. Mean differences of interval between onsets of symptoms to reporting to hospital is not significant, however lesser interval between onset of symptoms to swab collection and diagnosis of swine flu were significantly associated with lesser fatality. Fatality Rate declines from January to March.
Conclusion: After patient report to the health care setup, prompt sample collection and quick diagnosis help to reduce fatality rate.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Swine influenza A (H1N1) infection in two children-Southern California, March-April 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:400–2.
Neumann G, Noda T, Kawaoka Y. Emergence and pandemic potential of swine‑origin H1N1 influenza virus. Nature 2009;459:931‑9.
Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Impact of epidemic type A influenza in a defined adult population. Am J Epi-demiol 1980;112:798–811.
Barker WH. Excess pneumonia and influenza associ-ated hospitalization during influenza epidemics in the United States, 1970–78. Am J Public Health 1986;76:761–5.
Poehling KA, Edwards KM, Weinberg GA, et al. The underrecognized burden of influenza in young chil-dren. N Engl J Med 2006;355:31–40.
CDC. Estimates of deaths associated with seasonal influenza–United States, 1976–2007. MMWR 2010;59:1057–62.
The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: Summary Highlights, April 2009-April 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ h1n1flu/ cdcresponse.htm. Accessed on March 21st, 2015
Assessing the severity of an influenza pandemic, WHO. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ swineflu/ as-sess/disease_swineflu_assess_20090511/en/. Ac-cessed on: March 22nd,2015
Press Trust of India (March 21, 2015). "Swine flu deaths at 1895; number of cases near 32K mark" The Indian Express. Available at: http://indianexpress.com/article /india/india-others/swine-flu-deaths-at-1895-cases-near-32k-mark/. Accessed on: March 22nd, 2015.
Five More Die of Swine Flu in Gujarat; Toll 397. Available at: http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/five-more-die-of-swine-flu-in-gujarat-toll-397.html. Accessed on: March 22nd, 2015.
Sandesh newspaper (Date: 20/01/2015). Available on: http://sandesh.epapr.in/421089/Surat/20-01-2015# page /2/2. Accessed on: March 22nd, 2015.
Sandesh newspaper (Date: 19/03/2015). Available on: http://sandesh.epapr.in/462151/Surat/20-03-2015# page/15/2. Accessed on: March 22nd, 2015.
Rana H, Parikh P, Shah AN, Gandhi S. Epidemiology and clinical outcome of H1N1 in Gujarat from July 2009 to March 2010. J Assoc Physicians India. 2012 Feb;60:95-7.
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Guidelines on categorization of Seasonal Influenza A H1N1 cases during screening for home isolation, test-ing, treatment and hospitalization 2009. New Delhi, India: MOHFW, GOI; 2009. p1-2.
World Health Organization & Centre for Disease Con-trol, Atlanta. CDC protocol of realtime RTPCR for swine influenza (H1N1) 2009. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009. p1-8.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epi Info version 7.1.3, 2013. Available at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov /epiinfo/7/index.htm. Ac-cessed on: Oct 15th , 2013.
2015 Indian swine flu outbreak, Wikipedia. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Indian_swine_flu_outbreak 1/. Accessed on: 22nd March, 2015.
List of states and union territories of India by popula-tion. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population. Accessed on: 22nd March, 2015.
Census Data of Zone Area, Surat Municipal Corpora-tion. Available at: https://suratmunicipal.gov.in /TheCity/city/stmt3.shtml. Accessed on 22nd March, 2015.
Bhatt KN , Jethw SC, Bhadiyadar D, Patel D, Joshi K. Study of clinical profile in patients with H1N1 influ-enza in Surat district, June 2009-March 2010. J Assoc Physicians India. 2012 May;60:15-9.
Samara T, Pawar M, Yadav A. One year experience with H1N1 infection Clinical observation from a ter-tiary care hospital in Northern India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 2011; 36:241-43.
A Puvanalingam, C Rajendiran, K Sivasubramanian, S Ragunanthanan, Sarada Suresh, S Gopalakrishnan. Case Series Study of the Clinical Profile of H1N1 Swine Flu Influenza. JAPI. 2011;59:14-18.
Mehta A, Kumar V, Nair S, Joseph F, Kumar G, Singh S. Clinical Profile of Patients Admitted with Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection: An Expe-rience from A Tertiary. Journal of Clinical and Diag-nostic Research. Oct 2013;7(10): 2227-2230.
Chudasama RK, Patel UV, Verma PB, Banerjee A, Buch P, Patel P. A Two Wave Analysis of Hospitali-zations and Mortality from Seasonal and Pandemic 2009 A (H1N1) Influenza in Saurashtra, India: 2009‑2011. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research. 2013;3(3):334-40.
Rao S, Rao M, Swamy N, Umapathy B L. Profile of H1N1 infection in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Jour-nal of Pathology and Microbiology. 2011;54:323-25.
Taklikar CS, Nanaware MB. Epidemiological charac-teristics of H1N1 positive deaths: A study from ter-tiary care hospital in western India. Int J Med Sci Pub-lic Health. 2013; 2:305-308.
Webb SA, Pettilä V, Seppelt I, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Cooper DJ, et al. Critical care services and 2009 H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1925‑34.
Jain S, Kamimoto L, Bramley AM, Schmitz AM, Be-noit SR, Louie J. Pandemic A (H1N1) influenza Virus Hospitalizations Investigation Team (2009). Hospi-talized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1935‑44.
Singh M, Sharma S. An Epidemiological study of recent outbreak of Influenza A H1N1 (Swine Flu) in Western Rajasthan region of India. Med Allied Sci. 2013;3(2):48-52.
Census Data of Zone Area, Surat Municipal Corpora-tion. Available at: https://suratmunicipal.gov.in/ The City/city/ stmt3.shtml. Accessed on 22nd March, 2015.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
