Determinants of Low Birth Weight in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

Authors

  • Ratna Panda Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IMS & SUM Hospital, SOA (Deemed to be) Uni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
  • Pratibha Jena Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IMS & SUM Hospital, SOA (Deemed to be) Uni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
  • Kabita Chanania Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IMS & SUM Hospital, (Deemed to be) Uni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
  • Dattatreya Kar Medical Research, IMS & SUM Hospital, (Deemed to be) Uni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5455/njcm.20211207094736

Keywords:

Birth Weight, Maternal Health, Neonatal, Preterm Delivery, Health Care

Abstract

Introduction: In developing countries like India, low birth weight is a major public health issue. It is a leading cause of disease and mortality in infants. Low birth weight can be avoided by identifying at-risk pregnant women and taking the necessary precautions.

Methods: From January to June 2019, a facility based retrospective case control study was conducted among pregnant women who gave birth at the hospitals. The information was gathered from the antenatal care files and the delivery room register and records. SPSS version 24.0 was used to process the data. To find an independent predictor of low birth weight, researchers used binary and multiple bivariate logistic regressions.

Result: An aggregate of 450 neonatal birth records were reviewed in this study of which 150 were low birth weight babies and 300 were of normal birth weight. The mean ± SD and median [IQR] for birth weight of case group was [2.0±0.4kg, 2.2[1.8-2.4] kg] and that for control [3.1±0.4kg, 3.0[2.7-3.3] kg] respectively.

Conclusion: Preterm delivery, mothers with hypothyroidism have an increased chance of having low birth weight babies whereas mothers with regular antenatal check-up and mothers with primary and secondary education have a lesser possibility of having low birth weight babies.

References

World Health Organization & United Nations Children's Fund (‎UNICEF)‎. (‎2004)‎. Low birthweight: country, regional and global estimates. World Health Organization. https://apps.who. int/iris/handle/10665/43184 [Accessed on : 11th October 2021]

World Health Organization. (‎2014)‎. Global nutrition targets 2025: low birth weight policybrief. WorldHealth Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/149020 [Accessed on : 11th October 2021]

Feresu SA, Harlow SD, Woelk GB. Risk factors for low birth-weight in Zimbabwean women: a secondary data analysis. PloS one. 2015;10(6):e0129705.

Reddy RS, Sarma YV. Comparative study of Socio-economic status of mothers who delivered term low birth weight babies with mothers who delivered normal birth weight babies in a tertiary care rural hospital. International Archives of Integrated Medicine. 2015; 2(5): 129-134.

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems- 10. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight,not elsewhere classified: World Health Organisation; 2016

Barker DJ, Forsén T, Uutela A, Osmond C, Eriksson JG. Size at birth and resilience to effects of poor living conditions in adult life: longitudinal study. Bmj. 2001 Dec 1;323(7324):1273.

Borghese B, Sibiude J, Santulli P, LafayPillet MC, Marcellin L, Brosens I, Chapron C. Low birth weight is strongly associated with the risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis: results of a 743 case-control study. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 13;10(2): e0117387.

IIPS and ICF. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), Mum-bai, India 2015-16. 2017;2017.

Zenebe K, Awoke T, Birhan N. Low birth weight & associated factors among newborns in Gondar town, North West Ethio-pia: institutional based cross-sectional study. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014;4(2):74-80.

Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, 3rd Edition, Joseph L. Fleiss, Bruce, Levin, Myunghee Cho Paik, ISBN: 978-0-471-52629-2. Sample Size calculated with Open Source Epi-demiologic Statistics for Public Health, Version 3.01 Updated 2013/04/06.

Pal A, Manna S, Das B, Dhara PC. The risk of low birth weight and associated factors in West Bengal, India: a community based cross-sectional study. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette. 2020 Dec;68(1):1-1.

Hailu LD, Kebede DL. Determinants of low birth weight among deliveries at a referral Hospital in Northern Ethiopia. BioMed research international. 2018 Apr 23;2018.

Sutan R, Mohtar M, Mahat AN, Tamil AM. Determinant of low birth weight infants: A matched case control study. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014 Mar 12;2014.

Sharma SR, Giri S, Timalsina U, Bhandari SS, Basyal B, Wagle K, et al. Low birth weight at term and its determinants in a ter-tiary hospital of Nepal: a case-control study. PloS one. 2015;10(4):e0123962. pmid:25853813

Gebremedhin M, Ambaw F, Admassu E, Berhane H. Maternal associated factors of low birth weight: a hospital based cross-sectional mixed study in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2015 Dec;15(1):1-8.

Djadou KE, Takassi OE, Guedéhoussou T, Fiawoo KM, Guedé-non KJ, Atakouma YD. Factors linked to low birth weight in Togo. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2018 Dec 1; 10 (4): 169-74.

Mahumud RA, Sultana M, Sarker AR. Distribution and deter-minants of low birth weight in developing countries. J Prev Med Public Health 2017;50:18–28.doi:10.3961/jpmph.16.087 pmid:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28173687

Demelash H, Motbainor A, Nigatu D, Gashaw K, Melese A. Risk factors for low birth weight in Bale zone hospitals, South-East Ethiopia: a case–control study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2015 Dec;15(1):1-10.

Agarwal G, Ahmad S, Goel K, Kumar V, Goel P, Garg M, Punj A. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight neo-nates in a tertiary care hospital, Northern India. J Community Med Health Educ. 2012;2(9):1000177.

Meshram II, Rao KM, Reddy CG, Sharad KS, Sreerama KK, Hari KR. Prevalence of under nutrition and its predictors among under 5-year children in Surat region, Gujarat, India. Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics. 2016;2:1-2.

Bhattacharjya , Das S, Ghosh D (2015) Proportion of low birth weight and related factors in a tertiary care institrute of Tri-pura , International Journal of Medicine and Public Health 3(2):1-5.

Downloads

Published

2022-01-31

How to Cite

1.
Panda R, Jena P, Chanania K, Kar D. Determinants of Low Birth Weight in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India. Natl J Community Med [Internet]. 2022 Jan. 31 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];13(01):37-42. Available from: https://njcmindia.com/index.php/file/article/view/56

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles