Unveiling the Connection Between Video Games and Mental Health Among College Students in South India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.150120243489Keywords:
Depression, Anxiety, online games, Gaming disorder, medicalAbstract
Introduction: Playing Video Games without control can lead to Gaming Disorder (GD) which is also called a problematic gaming pattern or video game addiction. This study is to determine the prevalence of video game disorders and the various associated factors leading to them.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done among 930 medical students studying MBBS in a private medical college in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. Data was collected by pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Gaming disorder was assessed by Internet Gaming Disorder Short Form – 9 (IGD-SF 9), depression by Patient Health Questionnaire – 9, and anxiety by Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 Questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Among the study participants, 37% were males, and 63% were females. The prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) was 9.7%. Greater than 2 hours of gaming per day, online game genre, having academic impact due to gaming, sleep problems, and neck pain/back pain due to gaming were found to be important predictors of gaming disorder.
Conclusion: Awareness has to be created among students and stakeholders regarding gaming disorders among medical college students. Further research should be done to understand the relationship between GD and psychological problems like depression and anxiety.
References
Wittek CT, Finserås TR, Pallesen S, Mentzoni RA, Hanss D, Griffiths MD, et al. Prevalence and predictors of video game addiction: A study based on a national representative sample of gamers. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 2016;14(5):672-86. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9592-8 PMid:27688739 PMCid:PMC5023737
Aarseth E, Bean AM, Boonen H, Colder Carras M, Coulson M, Das D, Deleuze J, Dunkels E, Edman J, Ferguson CJ, Haagsma MC. Scholars' open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal. J Behav Addict. 2017;6(3):267-70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.088 PMid:28033714 PMCid:PMC5700734
Przybylski AK, Weinstein N, Murayama K. Internet gaming disorder: Investigating the clinical relevance of a new phenomenon. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174(3):230-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020224 PMid:27809571
Jo YS, Bhang SY, Choi JS, Lee HK, Lee SY, Kweon Y-S. Clinical Characteristics of Diagnosis for Internet Gaming Disorder: Comparison of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD Diagnosis. J Clin Med. 2019;8:945. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070945 PMid:31261841 PMCid:PMC6678371
Mihara, S, Higuchi, S (2017) Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of Internet gaming disorder: A systematic re-view of the literature. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 71: 425-444. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12532 PMid:28436212
Gaming Industry. Opportunities in India. http://www.gamingshow.in/gamingindustry.php. Accessed 21 August 2021.
Amudhan S, Prakasha H, Mahapatra P, Burma AD, Mishra V, Sharma MK, Rao GN. Technology addiction among school-going adoles-cents in India: epidemiological analysis from a cluster survey for strengthening adolescent health programs at district level. Journal of Public Health. 2022;44(2):286-95. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa257 PMid:33428747
Rehbein F, Baier D. Family-, media-, and school-related risk factors of video game addiction: A 5-year longitudinal study. J. Media Psychol. Theor. Methods Appl. 2013;25(3):118. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000093
Stockdale L, Coyne SM. Video game addiction in emerging adulthood: Cross-sectional evidence of pathology in video game addicts compared to healthy controls. J. Affect. Disorders. 2018;225:265-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.045 PMid:28841491
Loton D, Borkoles E, Lubman D, Polman R. Video game addiction, engagement and symptoms of stress, depression and anxiety: The mediating role of coping. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 2016;14(4):565-78. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9578-6
Hale L, Guan S. Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Sleep med. rev. 2015, 1;21:50-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007 PMid:25193149 PMCid:PMC4437561
Hysing M, Pallesen S, Stormark KM, Jakobsen R, Lundervold AJ, Sivertsen B. Sleep and use of electronic devices in adolescence: re-sults from a large population-based study. BMJ open. 2015, 1;5(1):e006748. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006748 PMid:25643702 PMCid:PMC4316480
Spada MM, Caselli G. The metacognitions about online gaming scale: Development and psychometric properties. Addict. Behav.. 2017;64:281-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.007 PMid:26210288
Andreassen CS, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ, Demetrovics Z, Mazzoni E, Pallesen S. The relationship between addictive use of so-cial media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychol Addict Behav. 2016 ;30(2):252. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160 PMid:26999354
Wei HT, Chen MH, Huang PC, Bai YM. The association between online gaming, social phobia, and depression: an internet survey. BMC psychiatry. 2012 ;12(1):1-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-92 PMid:22839747 PMCid:PMC3545926
Meng Y, Deng W, Wang H, Guo W, Li T. The prefrontal dysfunction in individuals with Internet gaming disorder: a meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Addict. Biol. 2015 ;20(4):799-808. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12154 PMid:24889021
Greitemeyer T, Mügge DO. Video games do affect social outcomes: A meta-analytic review of the effects of violent and prosocial vid-eo game play. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014;40(5):578-89. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213520459 PMid:24458215
Granic I, Lobel A, Engels RC. The benefits of playing video games. Am Psychol. 2014;69(1):66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034857 PMid:24295515
Desai V, Gupta A, Andersen L, Ronnestrand B, Wong M. Stress-Reducing Effects of Playing a Casual Video Game among Undergradu-ate Students. Trends in Psychol. 2021;29(3):563-79. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00062-6 PMCid:PMC7952082
Primack BA, Carroll MV, McNamara M, Klem ML, King B, Rich M, et al. Role of video games in improving health-related outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42(6):630-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.023 PMid:22608382 PMCid:PMC3391574
Grant S, Spears A, Pedersen ER. Video Games as a Potential Modality for Behavioral Health Services for Young Adult Veterans: Ex-ploratory Analysis. JMIR serious games. 2018;6(3):e15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/games.9327 PMid:30049668 PMCid:PMC6085553
Shepherd M, Fleming T, Lucassen M, Stasiak K, Lambie I, Merry SN. The design and relevance of a computerized gamified depression therapy program for indigenous Māori adolescents. JMIR serious games. 2015;3(1):e1. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/games.3804 PMid:25736225 PMCid:PMC4392467
Singh YM, Prakash J, Chatterjee K, Khadka B, Shah A, Chauhan VS. Prevalence and risk factors associated with Internet gaming disor-der: A cross-sectional study. Ind. Psychiatry J. 2021;30(Suppl 1):S172. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.328810 PMid:34908685 PMCid:PMC8611597
Kewitz S, Vonderlin E, Wartberg L, Lindenberg K. Estimated prevalence of unreported IGD cases in routine outpatient children and adolescent psychotherapy. Int. J. Environ. Res.202;18(13):6787. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136787 PMid:34202676 PMCid:PMC8297263
Singh S, Dahiya N, Singh AB, Kumar R, Balhara YP. Gaming disorder among medical college students from India: Exploring the pattern and correlates. Ind. Psychiatry J. 2019;28(1):107. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_96_18 PMid:31879456 PMCid:PMC6929222
Saravanan T, Eshwar VMA, Dutta R, Jain T. A study on Videogame addiction among professional college Students in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med. 2020.7(8);3392-03.
Pontes HM, Griffiths MD. Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2015 ;45:137-43. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.006
American Psychiatry Association. Internet Gaming. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/internet-gaming. Accessed 27 July 2021.
Poon LY, Tsang HW, Chan TY, Man SW, Ng LY, Wong YL, Lin CY, Chien CW, Griffiths MD, Pontes HM, Pakpour AH. Psychometric Prop-erties of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF): Systematic Review. J. Med. Internet Res. 2021;23(10):e26821. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/26821 PMid:34661543 PMCid:PMC8561410
Pontes HM, Stavropoulos V, Griffiths MD. Measurement invariance of the internet gaming disorder scale-short-form (IGDS9-SF) be-tween the United States of America, India and the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Res. 2017;257:472-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.013 PMid:28837939
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2001;16(9):606-13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x PMid:11556941 PMCid:PMC1495268
De Man J, Absetz P, Sathish T, Desloge A, Haregu T, Oldenburg B, et al. Are the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 suitable for use in India? A psycho-metric analysis. Front. Psychol. 2021;12:676398. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676398 PMid:34054677 PMCid:PMC8155718
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch. In-tern. Med. 2006;166(10):1092-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 PMid:16717171
Elliott L, Golub A, Ream G, Dunlap E. Video game genre as a predictor of problem use. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2012;15(3):155-61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0387 PMid:22242785 PMCid:PMC3304244
Kim D, Nam JK, Keum C. Adolescent Internet gaming addiction and personality characteristics by game genre. PloS one. 2022;17(2):e0263645. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263645 PMid:35143558 PMCid:PMC8830627
Rohillia S. Prevalence of gaming addiction among adolescents. Int J Appl Sci Engi Tech. 2018;6(1):518-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.1077
Ismail N, Tajjudin AI, Jaafar H, Nik Jaafar NR, Baharudin A, Ibrahim N. The relationship between internet addiction, internet gaming and anxiety among medical students in a Malaysian public university during COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 2021;18(22):11870. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211870 PMid:34831627 PMCid:PMC8618673
Saquib N, Saquib J, Wahid A, Ahmed AA, Dhuhayr HE, Zaghloul MS, et al. Video game addiction and psychological distress among ex-patriate adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Addict. Behav. Rep. 2017; 6:112-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.09.003 PMid:29450245 PMCid:PMC5800576
Milani L, La Torre G, Fiore M, Grumi S, Gentile DA, Ferrante M, Miccoli S, Di Blasio P. Internet gaming addiction in adolescence: Risk factors and maladjustment correlates. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2018 Aug;16:888-904. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9750-2
Kühn S, Berna F, Lüdtke T, Gallinat J, Moritz S. Fighting depression: action video game play may reduce rumination and increase sub-jective and objective cognition in depressed patients. Front. Psychol. 2018;9:129. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00129 PMid:29483888 PMCid:PMC5816361
Russoniello CV, O'Brien K, Parks JM. The effectiveness of casual video games in improving mood and decreasing stress. J. Cyber Ther. Rehabil. 2009;2(1):53-66.
Przybylski AK, Weinstein N, Murayama K. Internet gaming disorder: Investigating the clinical relevance of a new phenomenon. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2017;174(3):230-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020224 PMid:27809571
Kemp C, Pienaar PR, Rosslee DT, Lipinska G, Roden LC, Rae DE. Sleep in habitual adult video gamers: a systematic review. Front. Neu-rosci. 2021;15: 781351. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.781351 PMid:35095395 PMCid:PMC8797142
Lam LT. Internet gaming addiction, problematic use of the internet, and sleep problems: a systematic review. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2014 ;16(4):1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0444-1 PMid:24619594
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Hemmingsson E. Early childhood obesity risk factors: socioeconomic adversity, family dysfunction, offspring distress, and junk food self-medication. Curr. Obes. Rep. 2018;7(2):204-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-018-0310-2 PMid:29704182 PMCid:PMC5958160
Puolitaival T, Sieppi M, Pyky R, Enwald H, Korpelainen R, Nurkkala M. Health behaviours associated with video gaming in adolescent men: a cross-sectional population-based MOPO study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08522-x PMid:32228539 PMCid:PMC7106563
Burke A, Peper E. Cumulative trauma disorder risk for children using computer products: Results of a pilot investigation with a student convenience sample. Public Health Rep. 2002;117:350-357. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50171-1 PMid:12477916
Kang JW, Kim H, Cho SH, Lee MK, Kim YD, Nan HM, Lee CH. The association of subjective stress, urinary catecholamine concentra-tions and PC game room use and musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs in young male Koreans. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2003;18(3):419-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2003.18.3.419 PMid:12808332 PMCid:PMC3055053
Tholl C, Bickmann P, Wechsler K, Froböse I, Grieben C. Musculoskeletal disorders in video gamers-a systematic review. BMC Mus-culoskelet. Disord. 2022;23(1):1-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05614-0 PMid:35842605 PMCid:PMC9288077
Griffiths MD. Video games: the good news. Education and Health. 1997; 15:10-12.
Castrén S, Järvinen-Tassopoulos J, Raitasalo K. Money used in gaming is associated with problem gambling: Results of the ESPAD 2019 Finland. J. Behav. Addict. 2021;10(4):932-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00076 PMid:34797777 PMCid:PMC8987419
Esposito MR, Serra N, Guillari A, Simeone S, Sarracino F, Continisio GI, Rea T. An investigation into video game addiction in pre-adolescents and adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Medicina. 2020;56(5):221. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56050221 PMid:32384823 PMCid:PMC7279472
Griffiths M, Wood RT. Risk factors in adolescence: The case of gambling, videogame playing, and the Internet. J. Gambl. Stud. 2000;16:199-225. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009433014881 PMid:14634313
Griffiths MD. The role of context in online gaming excess and addiction: Some case study evidence. Int. J. Ment. Health Ad-dict.2010;8:119-125. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9229-x
Wang CW, Chan CL, Mak KK, Ho SY, Wong PW, Ho RT. Prevalence and correlates of video and internet gaming addiction among Hong Kong adolescents: A pilot study. Sci. World J. 2014; 874648. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/874648 PMid:25032242 PMCid:PMC4083269
Choo H, Gentile DA, Sim T, Li D, Khoo A, Liau AK. Pathological video-gaming among Singaporean youth. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2010;39(11):822-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.V39N11p822 PMid:21165520
James RJ, Tunney RJ. The relationship between gaming disorder and addiction requires a behavioral analysis: Commentary on: Scholars' open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal (Aarseth et al.). J. Behav. Addict. 2017 ;6(3):306-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.045 PMid:28816498 PMCid:PMC5700720
Zastrow M. Is video game addiction really an addiction? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(17):4268-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705077114 PMid:28442622 PMCid:PMC5410811
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Anantha Eashwar VM, Charulatha RJ, Hariharan S, B Krishna Prasanth, Abirami Srinivasan, Ponmalar M, Keerthana Ramesh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
