Assessment on Drinking Water Handling and Sanitation Practices in an Urban Community of Imphal East, Manipur: A Cross-Sectional Study

Joymati  Oinam; Joenna Devi  Ningombam

doi:10.5455/njcm.20210501125416

Authors

Joymati Oinam Department of Community Medicine, JNIMS, Imphal
Joenna Devi Ningombam Department of Community Medicine, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5455/njcm.20210501125416

Keywords:

Drinking water handling, sanitation practices, urban population

Abstract

Background: According to SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation, each day, nearly 1000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrheal diseases. The objectives of the study were to assess drinking water handling and sanitation practices in an urban community and its association with selected variables of interest.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 married women with under-five children from May to June 2018. From a randomly selected village in an urban community, participants were selected by convenience sampling. A predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire was used. Statistical tests like mean, SD, Chi-squared test, Fischer Exact test were used taking p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: Only 18.9% of the respondents had improved main source of drinking water. Almost all (98%) had improved sanitation facilities of household. Statistically significant association were found between mothers with more than 30 years age group with adequate status of water treatment, sanitary status of under-five stool disposal and higher educational status of mothers with improved status of water treatment, sanitary status of under-five stool disposal.

Conclusion: Only one-fifth of the respondents had improved main source of drinking water. Awareness campaigns should be conducted focusing on adequate water treatment and sanitary method of under-five stool disposal practices.

References

International decade for action “WATER FOR LIFE’ 2005-2015. United Nations Department of Economic and Social af-fairs (UNDESA). Available at: https://www.un.org/water forlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml. Accessed on: 2nd May 2018.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Wash in a changing world. Available at: http://www2.unicef.org :60090/wash/3942_ statistics.html Accessed on 2nd May 2018.

SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation. United Nations in India. Available at: https://in.one.un.org/page/sustainable-develop ment-goals/sdg-6/. Accessed on 2nd May 2018.

Kaniambady S Dinesh Peraje Vasu, Sandhya G, Annarao Gun-derao Kulkarni. A community based cross-sectional study to assess the drinking water handling and management practices, sanitary practices at the household level in Sullia taluk, Karnataka. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017 May;4(5):1678-1683.

WHO/UNICEF (2006). Core questions on drinking-water and sanitation for household surveys: WHO press. Available from: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation./oms_brochure _core_questionsfinal2460.pdf

Bhattacharya M, Joon V, Jiswal V. Water handling and sanita-tion practices in rural community of Madhya Pradesh: a knowledge, attitude and practice study. India J Prev Soc Med. 2011;42(1):93-7.

Pachori R. Drinking water and sanitation: household survey for knowledge and practice in rural area, Magudanchavadi, Salem district, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016 Jul;3(7):1820-1828

Bharti, Malik M, Vijay Kumar1, Verma R, Chawla S and Sachdeva S. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding wa-ter handling and water quality assessment in a rural block of Haryana. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences. 2013;3(2):243-7.

Singh A, Goel S, Singh AA, Goel Ak, Chhoker VK, Goel S et al. Rapid appraisal of the drinking water management practices among residents of urban field practice area of a tertiary care teaching centre in Northern India. The Journal of Inte-grated Health Sciences. 2014;2(2):12-6.

Martha R, Manjula. A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding water, sanitation and hy-giene among women in selected villages in Udupi Dist Karna-taka, India. Nitte University Journal of Health Science. 2016;6(1):21-7.

Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Prithvishree R, Shetty A, Ahemad T et al. Drinking water in an urban area in South In-dia – A community based cross-sectional study. AMJ. 2010;3(5):295-98.

Sheethal MP, Shashikantha SK. A cross-sectional study on the coverage and utilization of sanitary latrine in rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Southern Karna-taka, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016;3(6):1540-3.

Kuberan A, Singh AK, Kasav JB, Prasad S, Surapaneni KM, Upadhyay V et al. Water and sanitation hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practices among household members living in rural setting of India. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2015;6(1):69-74.

Sah RK, Sah PK, Sah JK, Chiluwal S, Shah Sk. Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Water, Sanita-tion and Hygiene among Mothers of Under-five Children in Rural Households of Saptari District, Nepal. American Jour-nal of Public Health Research. 2017;5(5):163-69.

Hossain SM, Ara U, Huq S, Hossain MM, Ibne Mahmud AI, Islam KR. KAP study on hygiene & sanitation in a selected rural area of Bangladesh. International Conference on Public Health. 2017;3:101-12.

Sellathurai T, Rangalla R.D.N.P, Kumudinie Dheera KAD, Galagedara LW. Drinking Water and Sanitation Conditions of Households in Tea Estates: A Case Study from the Giragama Estate. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 2014;1(1):105-11.

Verma R, Singh A, Khurana A, Dixit P, Singh R. Practices and attitudinal behavior about drinking water in an urban slum of district Rohtak, Haryana: A community based study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2017;6(3):554-7.