A Study on Disease Episodes and the Expenditure Incurred by the Families of an Urban Area of Karnataka
Keywords:
Disease, Episod, health expenditure, household expenditure, morbidity, health care expenditureAbstract
Background: In many developing countries, a large proportion of the money spent on health care comes from the out-of-pocket expenditure of patients or their families. In India, Bangladesh and Nepal, for example, this proportion has been estimated to be 48–69%. Information on healthcare expenditure at the family or household level is important for the planning and management of health services. It is particularly relevant for health insurance agencies to estimate the amount of premium for initiating a universal health insurance system.
Methodology: A Retrospective cross sectional community based study was conducted for a period of three months in UFPA of KBNIMS, Kalaburagi, Karnataka. The data on disease episodes and the health expenditure incurred was collected by household survey using a pre designed pre tested structured proforma by interview method.
Results: A total of 2295 episodes of illness were recorded giving an overall prevalence of disease episodes as 99.6%. The mean expenditure per episode among all socio demographic factors was found to be Rs 563.8 with standard deviation of 43.15.
Conclusion: The mean per episode expenditure on health is high in our study, so there is need for systems such as health insurance to protect the poor from high medical costs.
References
WHO global health expenditure atlas. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Available from: http://apps. who.int/nha/atlasfinal.pdf [cited 2014 Jul 6].
Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer E. Catastrophe and impover-ishment in paying for health care: with applications to Vi-etnam 1993–1998. Health Econ. 2003 Nov; 12(11):921–34.
Van Doorslaer E, O’Donnell O, Rannan-Eliya RP, Somana-than A, Adhikari SR, Garg CC, et al. Effect of payments for health care on poverty estimates in 11 countries in Asia: an analysis of household survey data. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14; 368(9544):1357–64.
Van Doorslaer E, O’Donnell O, Rannan-Eliya RP, Somana-than A, Adhikari SR, Garg CC, et al. Catastrophic payments for health care in Asia. Health Econ. 2007 Nov;16(11):1159–84.
Garg CC, Karan AK. Reducing out-of-pocket expenditures to reduce poverty: a disaggregated analysis at rural-urban and state level in India. Health Policy Plan. 2009 Mar; 24(2):116–28.
The World Health Report: health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organi-zation; 2010.
Carrin G, Mathauer I, Xu K, Evans DB. Universal coverage of health services: tailoring its implementation. Bull World Health Organ. 2008 Nov;86(11):857–63.
World Development Report 1993: investing in health. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993.
Srinath Reddy K, Shah B, Varghese C, Ramadoss A. Re-sponding to the threat of chronic diseases in India. Lancet 2005; 366: 1744-9.
Suhrcke M, Nugent RA, Stuckler D, Rocco L. Chronic disease: An economic perspective. London: Oxford Health Alliance; 2006. p. 11-28.
Kotwani A, Ewen M, Dey D, Iyer S, Lakshmi PK, Patel A, et al. Prices & availability of common medicines at six sites in India using a standard methodology. Indian J Med Res 2007;125 : 645-54.
Rasell E, Bernstein J, Tang K. The impact of health care fi-nancing on family budgets. Int] Health Serv 1994; 24:691-714.
Ray et al: out of pocket expenditure on healthcare in a north Indian village. The national medical journal on India.2002; 15:257-60.
Mangal, et al. Updated BG Prasad Socioeconomic Classifica-tion,2014: A Commentary, Indian Journal of Public Health, Volume 59, Issue 1, January-March, 2015
World Health Organization. lAy reporting of health infor-mation. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1978.
Tekle-Haimanot Makonnen. Two rounds of a rural health survey in Ethiopia in 1982-83. Need, objectives, prepara-tions, data collections and evaluation of quality. World Health Stat Q 1985; 38:107-21.
Mooney W. Methodology in two California Health Surveys: Pub-lic health monographs. Washingtoo:Govemment Printing Of-fice, 1962:70.
Rao PSS, Rajamanickam C, Fernandez SR. Personal health expenses among rural communities of North Areot District. Indian J Med Res 1973; 61:11~11.
Duggal R, Amin S. Cost of health care: A household survey in one Indian district. Foundation for Research in Community Health. Worli, Bombay, India, 1989.
George A. Household expenditure in two states: A comparative study of districts in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Mumbai, Pune:Foundation for Research in Community Health, 1997.
Ramamani S. Household survey on health care utilization and expenditure. New Delhi:National Council for Applied Eco-nomic Research, working paper 53, 1995.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
