Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Rural Population in Southern India
Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease, smoking, BMI, HypertensionAbstract
Background and Objectives: The study was conducted to study the magnitude of risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among rural population in Southern India.
Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Shirur, Bagalkot. The study was conducted among a sample of 1226 respondents aged 20 years and above by systematic random sampling method. Information on socio-demographic and risk factors of cardiovascular disease collected by interview method using a pre-designed, semi structured proforma.
Results: Of the total 1226 respondents, 539 were males & 687 females with the mean age 45.06 (±16.08) years and 44.27(±16.48) years respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.05) noticed in family history of hypertension, nature of work, dietary pattern. Men had significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure (124.8±16.1mmHg), serum fasting plasma glucose (101.9±30.9 mg/dl), serum post prandial plasma glucose (101.9±30.9 mg/dl), WHR (0.87± 0.08).
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the higher rates of risk factors like family history of hypertension, sedentary nature of work, mixed diet pattern, obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption. The higher levels of diastolic blood pressure and significantly different levels of distribution fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol levels among males and females is the matter of concern.
References
Kar S, Thakur J, Virdi N, Jain S, Kumar R. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: Is the social gradient reversing in northern India. The National Medical Journal Of India. 2010;23(4):206-9.
Prabhakaran D, Yusuf S. Cardiovascular disease in India: Lessons learnt & challenges ahead. Indian J of Medical Research. November 2010;132(5):529-30.
Goyal A YS. The burden of cardiovascular disease in the Indian subcontinent. The Indian journal of medical research. September 2006;124(3):235-44.
Beaglehole R, Magnus P. The search for new risk factors for coronary heart disease: occupational therapy for epidemiologists? International J Epidemiology. 2002;31(6):1117-22.
Vamadevan A, Prabhakaran D. Coronary heart disease in Indians: Implications of the Interheart study. Indian J of Medical Research. 2010;132(5):561-6.
Park K. Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 23 ed. Jabalpur: Bhanot Publishers; 2015:365. Jeemon P, Reddy K. Social determinants of cardiovascular disease outcomes in Indians. Indian J of Medical Research. November 2010;132(5):617-22.
Jeemon P, Reddy K. Social determinants of cardiovascular disease outcomes in Indians. Indian J of Medical Research. November 2010;132(5):617-22.
Sriharibabu M, Himabindu Y, Kabir Z. Prevalence and associated risk factors of coronary artery disease in a rural South Indian population on a governmental health insurance scheme. Journal of Indian College of Cardiology 2. 2012:150-155
Oommen AM, Abraham VJ, George K, Jose V J. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in rural & urban Tamil Nadu. Indian J Med Res 2016;144:460-71
Oommen AM, Abraham VJ, George K, Jose VJ. Rising trend of cardiovascular risk factors between 1991–1994 and 2010–2012: A repeat cross sectional survey in urban and rural Vellore. Indian Heart journal. 2016;68:263–269
Census Terms: Implication of Terms Used in Indian Cen-suses New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. [2/2/2013]. Available from: http:// censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Indian_perce-ptive_link/Census_Terms_link/censusterms.html.
Kuppuswami B. Manual of Socioeconomic Scale (Urban). Manasayan, Delhi. 1981.
(Labour Bureau, Government of India, Statistics, Index Numbers [Internet]. Available from: http://labourbureau. nic.in/indtab.pdf. )
Jain B, Jain S. Blood Pressure Level Amongst Lactovegetarian And Non-Vegetarian Males. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 1999;24(03):111.
Joint FAO WHO Ad Hoc Expert Committee 1973 Energy and Protein Requirements. WHO Technical Report Series 522.
Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Rema M, Mohan A, Deepa R, Shanthirani S, et al. The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES)--study design and methodology(urban component) (CURES-I). J Assoc Physicians India. 2003; 51: 863-70.
Park K. Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 23rd ed. Jabalpur: Bhanot Publishers; 2015:399.
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure - Complete Report Available from: http:// www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/jnc7full.pdf.
Singh G, Kaur D, Kaur H. Presumptive stressful life events scale (PSLES)—a new stressful life events scale for use in India. Indian J Psychiatry. 1984;26(2):107-14.,
Mannapur B, Dorle A, Hiremath L, Ghattargi C, Ramadurg U, Kulkarni K. A study of Psychological stress in undergraduate Medical students at SN Medi-cal College, Bagalkot, Karnataka. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. August 2010;4(4):2869-74.
Chow C, Cardona M, Raju PK, Iyengar S, Sukumar A, Raju R, et al. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors among 345 adults in rural India - the Andhra Pradesh Rural Health Initiative. Int J Cardiol. 2007;116:180–5. [PubMed: 16839628]
Hazarika NC, Narain K, Biswas D, Kalita HC, Mahanta J. Hypertension in the native rural population of Assam. Natl Med J India.2004;17:300–4. [PubMed: 15736549]
Anand K, Shah B, Yadav K, Singh R, Mathur P, Paul E, 27. et al. Are the urban poor vulnerable to non-communicable diseases? A survey of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in urban slums of Faridabad. Natl Med J India 2007; 20 : 115
Thankappan KR, Sivasankaran S, Khader SA, Padmanabhan PG, Sarma PS, Mini GK, et al. Prevalence, correlates, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in kumarakom, kerala: Baseline results of a community-based intervention program. Indian Heart J. 2006;58:28–33. [PubMed: 18984927]
Shah B and Mathur P Surveillance of cardiovascular disease risk factors in India: The need & scope. Indian J Med Res. 2010 Nov; 132(5): 634–642.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
