Pregnancy Outcomes in A Community-Based Cohort Study in Rural Dakshina Kannada

Authors

  • Rashmi Kundapur Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
  • Harshitha HN Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.160420254886

Keywords:

Pregnancy loss, Second trimester abortion, Rural, Incidence, Pregnancy outcomes

Abstract

Introduction: According to the 2011 census report, the 0-6 child sex ratio decreased by 5 points registering 947 female children to 1000 male children in Dakshina Kannada district as compared to 2001 census. The skewed sex ratio can adversely affect society in various ways. The objectives were to determine the proportion of total pregnancy loss and different trimester pregnancy loss in rural Dakshina kannada and to identify the causes of 2nd trimester pregnancy loss.

Methodology: A community based prospective cohort study was conducted in Dakshina Kannada. Multi stage sampling was done with application of thumb rule. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel for data management and data analysis. Total number of pregnancies in each PHC was calculated monthly. Incidence of pregnancy loss for each trimester was calculated along with the proportion of loss in each trimester. Causes for second trimester pregnancy loss was determined using a validated questionnaire.

Results: A total of 5135 pregnancies during the study period in the sampled PHCs were followed up. 138 of the registered pregnancies underwent abortion in various trimester. The proportion of pregnancy loss was found to be 67%, 27.5% and 5% in the first, second and third trimester respectively. Incidence of second trimester pregnancy loss was found to be 0.7%. The major cause for second trimester pregnancy loss was found to be spontaneous.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the proportion of pregnancy loss and incidence of second trimester pregnancy loss in the district is within the normal range.

References

Diamond-Smith N, Saikia N, Bishai D, Canudas-Romo V. What has contributed to improvements in the child sex ratio in select districts of India? A decomposition of the sex ratio at birth and child mortality. Journal of Biosocial Science. 2019 May 22;52(1):27-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932019000221 PMid:31115284 PMCid:PMC6872915

Odeh M, Grinin V, Kais M, Ophir E, Bornstein J. Sonographic Fetal Sex Determination. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 2009;64(1):50-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0b013e318193299b PMid:19099612

Sharma B, Gupta N, Relhan N. Misuse of prenatal diagnostic technology for sex-selected abortions and its consequences in India. Public Health. 2007;121(11):854-860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.03.004 PMid:17610917

Barman P, Sahoo H. Sex preference in India: Trends, patterns and determinants. Children and Youth Services Review. 2020 Dec 25; 122:105876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105876

M.B. P, Dhanpal S, Lokanath H. A study of gender preference, knowledge and attitude regarding prenatal diagnostic techniques act among pregnant women in an urban slum of Bengaluru. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2015;2(3):282-287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20150483

Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, O'Connor JF, Baird DD, Schlatterer JP, Canfield RE, et al. Incidence of early loss of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1988; 319:189-94. (Level II-3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198807283190401 PMid:3393170

Wang X, Chen C, Wang L, Chen D, Guang W, French J. Conception, early pregnancy loss, and time to clinical pregnancy: a population-based prospective study. Fertil Steril 2003; 79:577-84. (Level II-2) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04694-0 PMid:12620443

Zinaman MJ, Clegg ED, Brown CC, O'Connor J, Selevan SG. Estimates of human fertility and pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 1996;65:503-9. (Level II-3) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58144-8 PMid:8774277

Dellicour S, Aol G, Ouma P, et al. Weekly miscarriage rates in a community-based prospective cohort study in rural western Kenya. BMJ Open 2016;6:e011088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011088 PMid:27084287 PMCid:PMC4838731

Wyatt P, Owolabi T, Meier C, Huang T. Age-specific risk of fetal loss observed in a second trimester serum screening population. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2005;192(1):240-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.099 PMid:15672031

Patki A, Chauhan N. An Epidemiology Study to Determine the Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage in India. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 2015;66(5):310-315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-015-0682-0 PMid:27486274 PMCid:PMC4958068

McNamee K, Dawood F, Farquharson R. Mid-Trimester Pregnancy Loss. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2014;41(1):87-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2013.10.007 PMid:24491985

Ravi Duggal & Vimala Ramachandran (2004) The Abortion Assessment Project-India: Key Findings and Recommendations, Reproductive Health Matters, 12:sup24, 122-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-8080(04)24009-5 PMid:15938165

Downloads

Published

2025-04-01

How to Cite

1.
Kundapur R, Harshitha HN. Pregnancy Outcomes in A Community-Based Cohort Study in Rural Dakshina Kannada. Natl J Community Med [Internet]. 2025 Apr. 1 [cited 2025 Apr. 3];16(04):405-8. Available from: https://njcmindia.com/index.php/file/article/view/4886

Issue

Section

Short Research Article