Scenario of Newborn Care Practices in Private Healthcare Setting in India: An Insights From NFHS-5 Survey

Jimeet Soni; Tapasvi Puwar; Bhavna Puwar

doi:10.55489/njcm.150320243511

Authors

Jimeet Soni Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-6509
Tapasvi Puwar Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-0306
Bhavna Puwar NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.150320243511

Keywords:

Hepatitis-B vaccine, KMC, Newborn care practices, NFHS, Pre-lacteals, Private Sector, Kangaroo Mother Care, EIBF

Abstract

Background: The private sector contributes significantly to health care service delivery in India. Study shows the prevalence of newborn care practices like early initiation of breastfeeding, kangaroo mother care, and hepatitis B birth dose practices in private sector hospitals across India.

Methods: We conducted a basic analysis of unit-level data from the NFHS-5 survey; to understand the newborn care practices in private hospitals in India.

Result: The place of the delivery has a significant impact on newborn care practices like kangaroo mother care, early breastfeeding within an hour of birth, and hepatitis-B vaccination at birth. The private sector accounts for 20.73 percent of deliveries wherein, 39.56 percent of private sector hospitals follow EIBF practice. Pre-lacteals were provided to 14.95 percent of the children within the first three days after birth. The better practice of kangaroo mother care was seen in the public sector. The prevalence of the hepatitis B vaccine at birth is very low with 3.25 percent in India.

References

Graham W, Woodd S, Byass P, Filippi V, Gon G, Virgo S, et al. Diversity and divergence: the dynamic burden of poor maternal health. Lancet. 2016 Oct; 388(10056):2164-75. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31533-1 PMid:27642022

Horton R. Offline: ensuring healthy lives after 2015. Lancet. 2013 Jun; 381(9882):1972. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61168-X

Akachi Y, Kruk ME. Quality of care: measuring a neglected driver of improved health. Bull World Health Organ. 2017 Jun 1;95(6):465-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.180190 PMid:28603313 PMCid:PMC5463815

World Health Organization. Early essential newborn care Clinical practice pocket guide Early essential newborn care Clinical practice pocket guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.

World Health Organization. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. WHO. Singapore; 2003.

Hansen K. Breastfeeding: A smart investment in people and in economies. Lancet. Elsevier Ltd; 2016; 387:416. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00012-X PMid:26869553

NEOVITA study group. Timing of initiation, patterns of breastfeeding, and infant survival: Prospective analysis of pooled data from three randomised trials. Lancet Glob Heal. World Health Organization; 2016; 4:e266-75. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)00040-1 PMid:27013313

Ballard O, Morrow AL. Human Milk Composition: Nutrients and Bioactive Factors. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013; 60:49-74. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.002 PMid:23178060 PMCid:PMC3586783

Le Hurou-Luron I, Blat S, Boudry G. Breast- v. formula-feeding: Impacts on the digestive tract and immediate and long-term health effects. Nutr Res Rev. 2010; 23:23-36. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422410000065 PMid:20450531

Smith ER, Hurt L, Chowdhury R, Sinha B, Fawzi W, Edmond KM. Delayed breastfeeding initiation and infant survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017; 12:1-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180722 PMid:28746353 PMCid:PMC5528898

UNICEF. From the First Hour of Life. New York: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF); 2016.

Liben ML, Yesuf EM. Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Amibara district, Northeastern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. International Breastfeeding Journal; 2016; 11:1-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0060-2 PMid:26813701 PMCid:PMC4727292

Sundaram ME, Ali H, Mehra S, Shamim AA, Ullah B, Rashid M, et al. Early newborn ritual foods correlate with delayed breastfeeding initiation in rural Bangladesh. International breastfeeding journal. 2016; 11(1):31. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0090-9 PMid:27980605 PMCid:PMC5143457

Raihan MJ, Choudhury N, Haque MA, Farzana FD, Ali M, Ahmed T. Feeding during the first 3 days after birth other than breast milk is associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal & child nutrition. 2020:e12971. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12971 PMid:32048470 PMCid:PMC7296812

Bergamaschi N, Oakley L, Benova L. Is childbirth location associated with higher rates of favourable early breastfeeding practices in Sub-Saharan Africa? Journal of global health. 2019; 9(1):010417. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010417 PMid:30774943 PMCid:PMC6368939

Mukora-Mutseyekwa F, Gunguwo H, Mandigo RG, Mundagowa P. Predictors of early initiation of breastfeeding among Zimbabwean women: secondary analysis of ZDHS 2015. Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology. 2019; 5(1):2. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-018-0097-x PMid:30675366 PMCid:PMC6332660

Singh, A., Yadav, A., & Singh, A. (2012). Utilization of postnatal care for newborns and its association with neonatal mortality in India: an analytical appraisal. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 12, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-12-33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-12-33 PMid:22571689 PMCid:PMC3405468

Parija, P. P., & M, M. K. (2020). Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in India: time to reconsider. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 16(1), 158-160. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1640557 PMid:31295047 PMCid:PMC7012144

Basu S, Andrews J, Kishore S, Panjabi R, Stuckler D. Comparative Performance of Private and Public Healthcare Systems in Low- and Middle- Income Countries: A Systematic Review. PLoS Med Internet. 2012 Jun;9(6) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001244 PMid:22723748 PMCid:PMC3378609

Klinton, J. (2020). The private health sector: an operational definition. World Health Organization. Geneva.

Clarke, D., Doerr, S., Hunter, M., Schmets, G., Soucat, A., & Paviza, A. (2019). The private sector and universal health coverage. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 97(6), 434-435. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.225540 PMid:31210681 PMCid:PMC6560377

World Health Organization. (2020). Engaging the private health service delivery sector through governance in mixed health systems: strategy report of the WHO Advisory Group on the Governance of the Private Sector for Universal Health Coverage.

National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-20 International Institute for Population Sciences. Available from: http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-5_FCTS/India.pdf

WHO; LINKAGES. Infant and Young Child Feeding a Tool for Assessing National Practices, Policies and Programmes. 2003.

Patel, A., Bucher, S., Pusdekar, Y., et al. (2015). Rates and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breast feeding at 42 days postnatal in six low and middle-income countries: A prospective cohort study. Reproductive health, 12 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-12-S2-S10 PMid:26063291 PMCid:PMC4464210

Rollins, N. C., Bhandari, N., Hajeebhoy, N., Horton, S., Lutter, C. K., Martines, J. C., Piwoz, E. G., Richter, L. M., Victora, C. G., & Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group (2016). Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices?. Lancet (London, England), 387(10017), 491-504. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01044-2 PMid:26869576

Bagci Bosi, A. T., Eriksen, K. G., Sobko, T., Wijnhoven, T. M., & Breda, J. (2016). Breastfeeding practices and policies in WHO European Region Member States. Public health nutrition, 19(4), 753-764. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015001767 PMid:26096540 PMCid:PMC4754616

Shaili V, Paru S, Kandapal DS, Jayanti S, Anurag S, Vipul N. A community based study on breastfeeding practices in a rural area of Uttarakhand. Natl J Community Med 2012;3:283-7.

Vijayalakshmi P, Susheela T, Mythili D. Knowledge, attitudes, and breast feeding practices of postnatal mothers: A cross sectional survey. Int J Health Sci 2015;9:364-74. Doi: https://doi.org/10.12816/0031226

Almazan, J. U., Cruz, J. P., Albougami, A. S., Alamri, M. S., & Adolfo, C. S. (2019). Maternity‐ward nurses' kangaroo mother care attitudes and practices: implications and future challenges. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 33(4), 848-856. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12681 PMid:31058327

Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Oza S, You D, Lee AC, Waiswa P, Lalli M, Bhutta Z, Barros AJ, Christian P, Mathers C, Cousens SN; Lancet Every Newborn Study Group. Every Newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. Lancet 2014; 384: 189-205. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60496-7 PMid:24853593

Lahariya, C., Subramanya, B. P., & Sosler, S. (2013). An assessment of hepatitis B vaccine introduction in India: Lessons for roll out and scale up of new vaccines in immunization programs. Indian journal of public health, 57(1), 8-14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-557X.111357 PMid:23649136

Parija, P. P., & M, M. K. (2020). Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in India: time to reconsider. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 16(1), 158-160. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1640557 PMid:31295047 PMCid:PMC7012144