Does BCG Or MMR Or Routine Vaccination Coverage Protect Against COVID Infection And Mortality In India?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.131120222297Keywords:
COVID-19, BCG vaccine, measles mumps rubella vaccine, routine vaccinationAbstract
Background: The routine vaccinations and acquired immunity by other viral infections were believed to be acting as a protective factor against severe COVID-19 outbreaks in some countries. This study is overviewing the relationship of routine BCG, MMR vaccinations and reported MMR disease outbreak with reported COVID-19 infection across the Indian states.
Methods: The data on vaccination coverage and respiratory disease infection was obtained from Universal immunization program and Integrated disease surveillance project reports. spearman rank Correlation has been used to assess the relationship of routine vaccination and COVID-19 infection.
Results: The result did not find any relationship of routine vaccination with BCG and MMR or exposure to MMR infection on COVID-19 infections in India.
Conclusion: The exposure to BCG or MMR vaccination did not have a non specific protection against COVID-19 infection. The results imply that a larger proportion of the Indian population is still vulnerable to COVID-19 infection.
References
Kinoshita M, Tanaka M. Impact of routine infant BCG vaccination on COVID-19. J Infect 2020; 81:625-633. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.013 PMid:32795481 PMCid:PMC7419263
Fidel P, Noverr M. Could an unrelated live attenuated vaccine serve as a preventive measure to dampen septic inflammation associ-ated with COVID-19 infection? mBio 2020;11: e00907-20. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00907-20 PMid:32561657 PMCid:PMC7304316
Macedo A, Febra C. Relation between BCG coverage rate and COVID-19 infection worldwide. Med Hypotheses 2021; 42. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109816 PMid:32408071 PMCid:PMC7201219
World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological record. 2007: 82, 49-60.
International Institute for Population Sciences. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2) 1998-99. 2000.
International Institute for Population Sciences Mumbai, India. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) 2005-06. 2007.
International Institute for Population Sciences Mumbai, India. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16. 2017.
National Commission on Population Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Population projections for India and states 2011 - 2036. 2019.
Anbarasu A, Ramaiah S, Livingstone P. Vaccine repurposing approach for preventing COVID 19: can MMR vaccines reduce morbidity and mortality?. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16:2217-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1773141 PMid:32501133 PMCid:PMC7553692
Kumar G, Mukherjee A, Sharma RK, Menon GR, Sahu D, Wig N, et al. Clinical profile of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in first & sec-ond wave of the pandemic: Insights from an Indian registry based observational study. Indian J Med Res. 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1628_21 PMid:34259194 PMCid:PMC8555588
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 B M Shrinivasa , Adhin Bhaskar, C Ponnuraja , C Padmapriyadarsini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.