Vector Control and Personal Protection Measures Practiced at Household Level by Tribal and Non-Tribal Communities in A Rural Area of Kamrup District, Assam
Keywords:
DDT, Malaria, Tribal, ITNs, LLINs, Vector control, personal protectionAbstract
Background: Vector Control and Personal Protection measures practices play major role in control of malaria.
Objective: The study objective was to find out the practices of mosquito control and personal protection measures observed at household level and the acceptance of vector control measures under malaria control programme.
Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was undertaken from June 2009 to May 2010 and 150 tribal and 150 non-tribal head of the households interviewed. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, factors related to mosquito breeding and its prevention practice, personal protection measures, DDT spray status of their houses. Data was analyzed by Epi Info Version7.
Results: The overall coverage of DDT was low (25.3%). Coverage was slightly better among tribal households (31.3%) compared to non-tribal population (19.4%). The acceptance of DDT spray was found to be significantly associated with knowledge about mode of transmission of malaria and type of house. Room-wise coverage was not as per norms. Refusal of DDT was seen more among non-tribal communities. Commercial personal protection practices like mosquito repellants, mats and coils were lesser among the tribal counter parts and it was associated with level of income. Majority of tribal and non-tribal respondents were not having knowledge of the new insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) and LLINs.
Conclusion: Coverage with IRS in rural areas is far less (25.3%) than the recommended coverage of 80% required for its effectiveness. With majority using mosquito nets in their houses, use of ITNs should be encouraged and IEC activities for creating greater awareness on methods to control vector population suggested for success of the malaria programme.
References
Scaling up malaria control interventions with a focus on high burden areas. Strategic Action Plan for Malaria Control in India, 2007-2012. Pg 1-84 Directorate of NVBDCP, DGHS, MoHFW, Govt. of India, 22- Shamnath Marg, Delhi- 110 054
Steve Lindsay, Matthew Kirby, Enis Baris and Robert Bos. Environmental Management for Malaria Control in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Region. April 2004; 1-64. Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper. (available at : http://siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/281627-1095698140167/Lindsay-EnvironmentalManagement_whole.pdf )
Wim van der Hock. Human health in Water Resource development. Water and Health- Vol –II. UNESCO © Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (ELOSS) Sample Chapter. Available at: www.eolss .net/Sample-Chapters/C03/E2-20AA-05.pdf
Dev V, Dash A P and Khound K. High risk areas of malaria and prioritizing interventions in Assam. Current Sciences. 10 January 2006; 90(1): 32-36.
Protocols and methods of malaria situation analysis. WHO HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria. Roll Back Malaria. July 2003. Trial Edition. Pg. 19 (WHO/HTM/RBM/2003.47)
Report of Household Survey and Health Facility Survey for In-Depth Review of NVBDCP (Malaria), 2007. National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR) 22, Sham Nath Marg, Delhi . 110 054. p16-17.
Udai Pareek and G. Trivedi. Socio- economic Status Scale (Rural). Form and manual. Delhi: Manasayan. 1964; p 32
Park K. Textbook of Social and Preventive Medicine, 13th Edition. Jabalpur; Banarsidas Bhanot 2002; p 389
H. Lhungdim, Sunita Kishor and B. Amenla Nuken. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2008. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06: Assam. Mumbai: IIPS. p1-129 (available from:www.nfhsindia.org )
Baseline Survey of Minority Concentrated Districts. District Report. KAMRUP. Study Commissioned by Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Study Conducted by Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development: Guwahati, VIP Road, Upper Hengerabari, Guwahati 781036.
Chand G and Tiwary R S. Parasitological observations on prevalence seasonality and transmission of malaria among tribals of Surguja District. Indian J Com. Med. 2001; 26(4):183
Savigny de D, Mayombama C, Masanja E M H, Minhaj A Yahya Mkilindi, Conrad Mbuya, Harun Kasale, Graham Reid. Care-seeking patterns for fatal malaria in Tanzania. Malaria Journal. 28 July, 2004; 3(1):27. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-3-27
Clifford M Mutero, Matthew Mc Cartney, Eline Boelee. Understanding the links between agriculture and health, Agriculture, Malaria and water associated Diseases. For food, agriculture and the environment. Vision 2020. May 2006. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Booth Christopher M and Maclean J Dick. Knowledge, Treatment seeking and socioeconomic impact of malaria on the Essequibo Coast of Guyana. McGill Journal of Medicine. 2001; 6(1):17-25.
S.P. Yadav, R.K. Kalundha & R.C. Sharma Sociocultural factors and malaria in the desert part of Rajasthan, India. J Vect Borne Dis September 2007; 44: 205–212.
Martin S Fritsch. Chapter 7 – Health issues related to drainage water management. FAO Corporate Document Repository. By: Natural Resources Management and Environment Department. (Available at: www.fao.org/docrep/W7224E/w7224e0b.htm)
Lauren L Pinault and Fiona F Hunter. Malaria knowledge, concerns, land management and protection practices among land owners and/or managers in lowland versus highland Ecuador. Malaria Research and Treatment, 2011 (2011). Article ID 765125, 12 pages. Doi:10.4061/2011/756125. (Available at: www.hindawi.com/journals/mrt/2011/765125)
Claudia Frey, Corneille Traoré, Manuela De Allegri, Bocar Kouyaté and Olaf Müller. Compliance of young children with ITN protection in rural Burkina Faso. Malaria Journal 2006, 5:70. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-5-70.
Anil Prakash, D.R. Bhattacharyya, P.K. Mohapatra, B.K. Goswami & J. Mahanta. Community practices of using bed nets & acceptance & prospects of scaling up insecticide treated nets in north-east India, Indian J Med Res, Nov.2008, 128: 623-629.
V P Sharma. General Article; DDT. Current Sciences, 10 Dec. 2003; 85 (11):1506-1642.
NVBDCP: Joint Monitoring Mission (JMM) Report. Directorate of NVBDCP, Government of India. Feb 2007; p 1-70.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
