Iodine And Thyroid Status in A Tribal Village in Wayanad, Kerala in The Post Iodization Era – Observations and Implications
Keywords:
Iodine, thyroid, goiter, tribalAbstract
Background: Data on thyroid and iodine status in tribal population is scarce. We sought to assess the thyroid and iodine status in this population, by ascertaining the goitre prevalence, thyroid function and thyroid autoimmune markers in adults, and the goitre prevalence and iodine status in school going children from both tribal and non tribal populations
Methods: Questionnaire survey and physical examination was done in 50 randomly selected houses from both tribal and non-tribal populations. Goitre, thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity was assessed in 175 adults and goiter and iodine status were assessed in 83 children.
Results: Goitre prevalence was similar in tribal and non- tribal adults ( tribal ,45.7% vs. nontribal , 42%,P 0.87) and children (14.9% and 19.4%, P=0.77) . Goitre prevalence was more in adult females . Thyroid dysfunction was seen in 3.9% of tribal and 4.2% of non-tribals. Abnormal thyroid function tests were all in the thyrotoxic range in tribals whereas they were all in the hypothyroid range in non-tribal. Thyroid autoimmunity was more in the non-tribal Compared to tribal population ( 24.7% vs. 10.6% p =0.026).
Conclusions: This is the first data on thyroid status in tribal and non-tribal population from Wayanad district, which has shown a high adult prevalence of goitre. However the prevalence of goitre in children is near the national average, which might indicate an improvement in the iodization status in the post iodization era. The higher prevalence of hyperthyroidism in tribals and significant difference in thyroid autoimmunity between tribals and non -tribals merit further study.
References
Kapil U ,Singh P . Status of iodine nutriture and universal salt iodisation at beneficiaries levels in Kerala State, India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2006 Apr;104(4):165-7.
Marwaha R.K, Tandon N Residual goitre in the postiodization phase iodine status thiocyanate exposure and autoimmunity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 Dec;59(6):672-81
M.B. Zimmerman .Iodine deficiency disorders Lancet ,2008,vol 372,October 4
Dennis Moorthy. Tracking progress studies in Kerala, Tamilnadu ,Orissa , Bihar ICIDD ,Govt of India Data- 2003
V. Ushamenon , K. Vinod Kumar . Prevalence of known and undetected diabetes and associated risk factors in central Kerala — ADEPS - Diabetes Res Clin Pract 7.2006,74 , 289-294
Marwaha R K , Tandon N .Clinical Endocrin ology(oxf) Thyroid status two decades after salt iodization: Country-wide data in school children from India. 2011 Dec 5
Kronenberg ,Williams Text book of Endocrinology 12th Edition Thyroid physiology and diagnostic evaluation of patients with thyroid disorders
Kahaly GJ, Dienes HP, Beyer J et al. Iodide induces thyroid autoimmunity in patients with endemic goitre: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Endocrinology 1998; 139: 290–297.
Zimmermann MB, Moretti D, Chaouki N et al. Introduction of iodized salt to severely iodine-deficient children does not provoke thyroid autoimmunity: a one-year prospective trial in northern Morocco. Thyroid 2003; 13: 199–203.
Vestergaard P. Smoking and thyroid disorders – a meta-analysis. European Journal of Endocrinology 2002 ;146: 153–161.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
