Assessment Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Using Framingham Risk Equation Amongst the Residents of Ahmedabad City
Keywords:
Community based, CVD risk score, FraminghamAbstract
Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CHD prevention in resource-poor countries.
Aim: To estimate 10 years risk for hard CHD among the urban population by using Framingham Heart Study produced sex-specific coronary heart disease (CHD) prediction functions and to find out correlates of CHD risk in study population.
Methodology: Present community based descriptive study was carried out in 1133 residents of south zone of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, Gujarat state (India), age 20 years or more without any previous history of CVD. Framingham Heart Study produced simple model with office based non laboratory predictors was used to assess for estimating 10 years risk of developing hard coronary heart disease .
Results: The median 10-year probability of CHD was 2.9% (5.6% for men and 1.8% for women). One third (33.4%) population above 30 years had CVD risk 20% or more. Males had significantly higher CVD risk as compared to females (20% of males & 4.5% of female had high CVD risk). Cardiovascular disease risk was also person with inadequate sleep & in executives.
Conclusion- Higher risk in males & unskilled worker was mainly due to tobacco addiction while in executives it was mainly due to diabetes & obesity.
References
Dr. A. Thomas Pezzella, the cardiac surgeon from the Massachusetts Medical School in the United States and founder director of International Children’s Heart Fund. An interview in the news paper THE HINDU: 25th February,2012. Available on website www.thehindu.com /News/States/Kerala accessed on September 12th 2012.
Alarming Statistics from India available at www.neocardiabcare.com/alarming-statistics-india.htm, accessed on September 12th 2012.
Meenakshi Sharma and Nirmal Kumar Ganguly. Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Indians and its Associated Risk Factors. Vascular Health Risk Management 2005; 1(3): 217–225. PMCID: PMC1993956
K Park. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 21st ed. Jabalpur: Bhanot Publishers; 2011. p 338-343
Lloyd-Jones DM. Cardiovascular risk prediction: basic concepts, current status, and future directions. Circulation. Apr 2010;121(15):1768-1777
Framinham Heart Study: http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/gencardio.html accessed on July 30th 2010.
S. Parikh,J.Choksi and D.V.Bala.The study of Epidemiology and Determinants of Hypertension in Urban Health Training Centre. Gujarat Medical Journal 2011;6(2):pg22-27.
Coronary Heart Disease: New Insight for the health care professional: 2011 Edition,e book published by Scholarly Editions, Atlanta/Georgia. Preview available on website http://www.scholarly Editions.com, chapter 4-Risk & Prevention, pg.210. accessed on May 5th 2013.
Gaziano TA, Young CR, Fitzmaurice G, Atwood S, Gaziano JM. Laboratory-based versus non-laboratory-based method for assessment of cardiovascular disease risk: the NHANES I follow-up study cohort. Lancet 2008; 371:923–31.
Abhinav Goyal and Salim Yusuf. The burden of cardiovascular disease in the Indian subcontinent.Indian J Med Reaserch.September 2006;124: 235-244.
BMI classification, Global database on Body Mass Index by WHO available at http://apps.who.int/bmi/ index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html. Accessed on January 20th 2013.
The seventh report of Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and treatment of High Blood Pressure, NIH publication No. 04-5230 August 2004 available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines /hypertension/jnc7full.pdf.html. Accessed on January 20th 2013.
National Family Health Survey (NHFS-3) India-Gujarat-2005-06 Available at: http://www.ebookbrowse.com/ nfhs-3-gujarat-state-report-pdf-d96223357Cached,1 Apr 2011,Undo accessed Sept. 11th 2012.
DV Bala, ILA N Bodiwala, DD Patel, PM Shah. Epidemiological Determinants of Tobacco Use In Gujarat State. India Indian Journal of Community Medicine July-September2006; 31(3): pg 73-176
V. Mohan, M. Deepa, S. Farooq, D. Prabhakaran, K. S. Reddy. Surveillance for risk factors of cardiovascular disease among an industrial population in Southern India. The National Medical Journal Of India 2008 ;21(1):8-13.
Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH. The distribution of 10-year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults, findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1791–1796.[PubMed]
S Kanjilal et al. Application of cardiovascular disease risk prediction models and the relevance of novel biomarkers to risk stratification in Asian Indians. Vascular Health and Risk Management 2008:4(1): 199–211.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
