Diabetes Foot Ulcer Risk - A Public Health Concern in Rural Pondicherry!!
Keywords:
diabetes, diabetes foot ulcer risk, rural health careAbstract
Background: The risk of diabetes related complications is increas- ing with the increase in number of diabetes in rural population. Diabetes foot ulcer is a preventable complication of diabetes.
Objective: To assess the diabetes foot ulcer risk among patients with type II diabetes attending a rural health centre in Pondicher- ry.
Materials and Methods: This facility based cross sectional study was conducted among 121 diabetics attending a rural health centre in Pondicherry during the study period. Detailed foot examination including vascular and neurological assessment was done using standard procedure. The risk for diabetes foot ulcer was catego- rised as per risk classification by American Diabetic Association.
Results: About 17% of the diabetes patients had risk for develop- ing diabetes foot ulcer. Of the total diabetics with risk for foot ul- cer, 5%, 7.5% and 5% were in category 1, category 2 and category 3 respectively. A significant 39% of the diabetics reported not receiv- ing any health education related to foot care.
Conclusion: A significant proportion of diabetics had risk for foot ulcer in the study population. Health education on foot care for all diabetics and close monitoring of foot of diabetics with risk for de- veloping foot ulcer should be included in routine care.
References
Joshi SR, Parikh RM. India--diabetes capital of the world: now heading towards hypertension. J Assoc Physicians In- dia 2007;55:323–4.
Joshi SR, Das AK, Vijay VJ, Mohan V. Challenges in diabetes care in India: sheer numbers, lack of awareness and inade- quate control. J Assoc Physicians India 2008;56:443–50.
Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glu- cose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia 2011;54(12):3022–7.
Kaveeshwar SA, Cornwall J. The current state of diabetes mellitus in India. Australas Med J 2014;7(1):45–8.
Ghorpade A, Majgi S, Sarkar S, Kar S, Roy G, Anathanaraya
-nan P, et al. Diabetes in rural Pondicherry, India: A popula- tion based of the incidence and risk factors. WHO SOuth- East Asia J of Public Health 2013;2(3-4):149–55.
Nagpal J, Bhartia A. Quality of diabetes care in the middle- and high-income group populace: the Delhi Diabetes Com- munity (DEDICOM) survey. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(11): 2341–8.
Nitiyanant W, Chetthakul T, Sang-A-kad P, Therakiatkum - jorn C, Kunsuikmengrai K, Yeo JP. A survey study on dia- betes management and complication status in primary care setting in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thail Chotmaihet Thangphaet 2007;90(1):65–71.
Raheja BS, Kapur A, Bhoraskar A, Sathe SR, Jorgensen LN, Moorthi SR, et al. DiabCare Asia--India Study: diabetes care in India--current status. J Assoc Physicians India 2001; 49: 717–22.
Baruah MP, Pathak A, Kalra S, Das AK, Zargar AH, Bajaj S, et al. A revisit to prevailing care and challenges of manag- ing diabetes in India: Focus on regional disparities. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014;18(3):254-263
Sm A, A B, T S, S M, Mz H. Diabetic foot ulcer--a prospec- tive study. Jpma J Pak Med Assoc 2001;51(2):78–81.
Potluri R, Purmah Y, Dowlut M, Sewpaul N, Lavu D. Microvascular diabetic complications are more prevalent in India compared to Mauritius and the UK due to poorer dia- betic control. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;86(2):e39–40.
Viswanathan V, Madhavan S, Rajasekar S, Chamukuttan S, Ambady R. Urban-Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Foot Complications in South-Indian Diabetic Patients. Dia- betes Care 2006 ;29(3):701–3.
Kishore S, Upadhyay AD, V P J. Awareness of foot care among patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hos- pital. Natl Med J India 2015;28(3):122–5.
Alexiadou K, Doupis J. Management of Diabetic Foot Ul- cers. Diabetes Ther 2012;3(1).
Apelqvist J, Larsson J. What is the most effective way to re- duce incidence of amputation in the diabetic foot? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000;16(S1):S75–S83.
Boulton AJ, Vileikyte L, Ragnarson-Tennvall G, Apelqvist J. The global burden of diabetic foot disease. The Lancet 2005; 366(9498):1719–24.
Ramachandran A, Ramachandran S, Snehalatha C, Augus- tine C, Murugesan N, Viswanathan V, et al. Increasing ex- penditure on health care incurred by diabetic subjects in a developing country: a study from India. Diabetes Care 2007; 30(2): 252–6.
Shobhana R, Rao PR, Lavanya A, Vijay V, Ramachandran A. Cost burden to diabetic patients with foot complications--a study from southern India. J Assoc Physicians India 2000; 48(12): 1147–50.
Boulton AJM, Armstrong DG, Albert SF, Frykberg RG, Hellman R, Kirkman MS, et al. Comprehensive Foot Exami- nation and Risk Assessment. Diabetes Care 2008;31(8):1679– 85.
Saurabh S, Sarkar S, Selvaraj K, Kar SS, Kumar SG, Roy G. Effectiveness of foot care education among people with type 2 diabetes in rural Puducherry, India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014;18(1):106–10.
Peters EJ, Lavery LA, International Working Group on the Diabetic FOot. Effectiveness of the diabetic foot risk classifi- cation system of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Diabetes Care 2001;24(8):1442–7.
Kishore S, Upadhyay AD, Jyotsna VP. Categories of foot at risk in patients of diabetes at a tertiary care center: Insights into need for foot care. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015;19(3):405–10.
Shahbazian H, Yazdanpanah L, Latifi SM. Risk assessment of patients with diabetes for foot ulcers according to risk classification consensus of International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Pak J Med Sci 2013;29(3):730–4.
Jayaprakash P, Bhansali S, Bhansali A, Dutta P, Ananthara- man R. Magnitude of foot problems in diabetes in the de- veloping world: a study of 1044 patients. Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc 2009; 26(9): 939–42.
Al-Maskari F, El-Sadig M. Prevalence of risk factors for dia- betic foot complications. Bmc Fam Pr 2007;8:59.
Al-Mahroos F, Al-Roomi K. Diabetic neuropathy, foot ul- ceration, peripheral vascular disease and potential risk fac- tors among patients with diabetes in Bahrain: a nationwide primary care diabetes clinic-based study. Ann Saudi Med 2007;27(1):25–31.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
