Anaemia among Adolescents in a Coastal District of India
Keywords:
Anaemia, adolescents, Gender, Socio-economic statusAbstract
Introduction: Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people, corre- sponding to 24.8% of the population and South Asia contributes the highest proportion. As awareness about anaemia and its im- plication on the health has increased, nations and organizations worldwide are taking steps to combat the problem. This study was formulated with the objective to assess the prevalence of anaemia and the socio demographic, dietary factors associated with anaemia among adolescent boys and girls in a better per- forming coastal district of India.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area enrolling 526 adolescent. A pretested, validated semi-structured questionnaire was used. Hemoglobin estimation was done using Hemo cue analyser.
Result: The total prevalence of anaemia among boys and girls was 30.7% and 45.7% respectively (p<0.001). The prevalence of anae- mia was found to decrease with increasing age among boys whereas it was found to be increasing among girls. Other demo- graphic factors like education and occupation of parents, religion, socio-economic status and dietary pattern had no statistical sig- nificance.
Conclusion: The problem of anaemia is high among males though comparatively lower than females. Other causes of anaemia need to be identified to overcome the problem of anaemia.
References
UNFPA: New York, NY. State of the World Population 2003 [online]. 2003 [cited 2017 May 14]; Available from: URL: http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub- pdf/swp03_eng.pdf
WHO. Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health. 2017 [cited 2017 May 14]; Available from URL: http:// www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolesce nce/dev/en/
Chen MH, Su TP, Chen YS, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Chang WH, Chen TJ, Bai YM. Association between psychiatric dis- orders and iron deficiency anemia among children and ado- lescents: a nationwide population-based study. BMC psy- chiatry. 2013 Jun 4;13 (1):161.
Gupta D, Pant B, Kumari R, Gupta M. Screen Out anaemia among Adolescent Boys as Well. Natl J Community Med. 2013;4 (1):20-5.
WHO, UNICEF, and UNU. Iron Deficiency Anaemia: As- sessment, Prevention and Control, A Guide for Programme Managers. 2001; Available from URL: http://www.who. int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/anaemia_iron_ deficiency/WHO_NHD_01.3/en/index.html
MoHFW. National Family health Survey – 4. 2015-16 [cited 2017 May 14]; Available from URL: http://rchiips.org/nfhs
/pdf/NFHS4/India.pdf
ICMR Evaluation of National Anaemia Prophylaxis Pro- gramme. ICMR Task Force Study. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research; 1989.
Vir SC. Iron deficiency anaemia control—a public health programme priority. Proc NutrSoc India 2000; 47:45–73.
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2007. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005–06, Volume 1. Mumbai:IIPS; 2007.
Kapil UM, Bhadoria AS. National Iron-plus initiative guide- lines for control of iron deficiency anaemia in India, 2013. Natl Med J India. 2014;27:27-9.
MoHFW. Government of India. Guidelines for control of iron deficiency anemia. 2013 [Cited 2017 May 14]. Available from URL: http://www.pbnrhm.org/docs/iron_plus_ guidelines.pdf
Seshadri S. Nutritional anaemia in South Asia. Malnutrition in South Asia: a regional profile. ROSA Publication No. 5. 1997 Nov. [4], 189.
Swami, H. M., S. S. Thakur, and S. P. S. Bhatia. 1998. Preva- lence of anaemia in a rural area in Chandigarh. Indian Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 9 (3 and 4): 62-64.
Hyder SM, Haseen F, Khan M, Schaetzel T, Jalal CS, Rah- man M, et al. Multiple-micronutrient fortified beverage af- fects hemoglobin, iron, and vitamin A status and growth in adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Nutrition. 2007; 137 (9): 2147-53.
Siddharam S, Venketesh G, Thejeshwari H. A study of anemia among adolescent girls in rural area of Hassan district, Karnataka, South India. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research. 2011;2 (4):922-4.
Singh T, Sharma S, Nagesh S. Socio-economic status scales updated for 2017. Int J Res Med Sci 2017;5:3264-7.
HemoCueHb 301 System.[online]. 2014 [cited 10 June 2018]; Available from URL: https://www.hemocue.us/-/media/ hemocue-images/hemocue_us-images/pdf/hemoglobin-- lit6052--hb-301-productprofile.pdf?la=en-US&la=en-US
Toteja GS, Singh P, Dhillon BS, Saxena BN, Ahmed FU, Singh RP, Prakash B, Vijayaraghavan K, Singh Y, Rauf A, Sarma UC. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and adolescent girls in 16 districts of India. Food and Nutri- tion Bulletin. 2006 Dec;27 (4):311-5.
Gupta A, Parashar A, Thakur A, Sharma D. Anemia among adolescent girls in Shimla hills of north India: Does BMI and onset of menarche have a role.
Kulkarni MV, Durge PM, Kasturwar NB. Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in an urban slum. National journal of community medicine. 2012 Jan 1;3 (1):108-11.
Biradar SS, Biradar SP, Alatagi AC, Wantamutte AS, Malur PR. Prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls: a one year cross-sectional study. Journal of clinical and Diagnos- tic Research. 2012 May;6 (3):372-7.
Chatterjee A, Haldar D, Chatterjee D, Taraphdar P, Biswas A, Saha JB. Magnitude and correlates of anemia among adolescents in a border area of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016 Oct 10;68 (1):21-5.
Zou Y, Zhang RH, Xia SC, Huang LC, Fang YQ, Meng J, Chen J, Zhang HX, Zhou B, Ding GQ. The Rural-Urban Dif- ference in BMI and Anemia among Children and Adoles- cents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016 Oct 18;13 (10):1020.
Rajaratnam J, Abel R, Asokan J, Jonathan P. Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls of rural Tamilnadu. Indian pediatrics. 2000;37:532-6.
Gupta N, Kochar G. Pervasiveness of anaemia in adolescent girls of the lower socio-economic groups of the district of Kurukshetra (Haryana). The internet journal of nutrition and wellness. 2009;7 (1).
Kaur S, Deshmukh P, Garg B. Epidemiological correlates of nutritional anemia in adolescent girls of rural Wardha. 2006.
Patnaik L. Prevalence of Anemia among adolescent girls in a rural area. Indian journal of maternal and child health: official publication of Indian Maternal and Child Health Association. 2013 (115).
Chellan R, Paul L. Prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia in India: Results from a large nationwide survey. J Popul Soc Stud. 2010;19:59-80.
Bhatti A, Mahida V, Gupte S. Iron status of Hindu brahmin, Jain and Muslim communities in Surat, Gujarat. Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. 2007;23 (3- 4):82-7.
MoHFW. District Level Household and Facitily Survey – 4. [cited 2017 May 14]; Available from URL: https://nrhm- mis.nic.in
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
