An Outbreak Investigation of Jaundice Cases in Vadodara District
Keywords:
Outbreak, Jaundice, Hepatitis, Primary health centerAbstract
Background: Water, sanitation, and hygiene related infectious dis- eases are common in India. The Hepatitis E virus (HEV) virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Transmission of HEV through contaminated water is the major concern for public health.
Materials and method: Present outbreak investigation was carried out by rapid response team of medical college Vadodara. Outbreak investigation was carried out to find out probable source of infec- tion, etiological agent, mode of transmission and to provide tech- nical support for prevention and control of epidemic. Consump- tion of contaminated water was suspected as primary source of in- fection for formation of hypothesis. Blood samples of clinically suspected cases and water samples from various sites were col- lected for laboratory confirmed diagnosis of disease under investi- gation.
Results: Total 42 jaundice cases were reported. Attack rate was higher in male (14.47 per 1000 population) compare to female (8.16 per 1000 population). Diagnosis of viral hepatitis E was confirmed by blood investigations
Conclusion: Mixing of contaminated water with piped water dis- tribution system was the primary source of infection and disease was spread through consumption of contaminated water was mode of transmission. Various measures for prevention and con- trol of hepatitis E Outbreak were suggested.
References
Bhagyalaxmi A, Gadhvi M, Bhavsar B. Epidemiological in- vestigation of an outbreak of infectious hepatitis in Dakor town. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2007; 32 (4): 277.
Srinivasan MA, Banerjee K, Pandya PG, et al. Epidemiologi- cal investigations of an outbreak of infectious hepatitis in Ahmedabad city during 1975-76. Indian J Med Res 1978; 67: 197-206.
Vishwanathan, R. Infectious hepatitis in Delhi (1955-56): a critical study; epidemiology. Indian journal of medical research (suppl.) 1957; 45 (suppl.12):1-29
Wong DC, Purcell RH, Sreenivasan MA, et al. Epidemic and endemic hepatitis in India: evidence for a non-A, non-B he- patitis virus aetiology. Lancet 1980; 316 (8200):876-879.
Khuroo MS. Study of an epidemic of non-A, non-B hepati- tis: possibility of another human hepatitis virus distinct from post-transfusion non-A, non-B type. American Journal of Medicine 1980; 68 (6): 818–824.
Naik SR, Aggarwal R, Salunke PN, et al. A large water- borne viral hepatitis E epidemic in Kanpur, India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1992; 70 (5):597–604.
Monthly Newsletter of National Institute of Communicable Diseases. Outbreaks of viral hepatitis E: Public health sys- tem needs to be alert. CD Alert, Delhi: National Institute of Communicable Disease; vol. 4, 2000. p. 1-8.
Tsega E, Hansson BG, Krawczynski K, et al. Acute sporadic viral hepatitis in Ethiopia: causes, risk factors, and effects on pregnancy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1992; 14 (4): 961–965.
Kane MA, Bradley DW, Shrestha SM et al. Epidemic non- A, non-B hepatitis in Nepal. Recovery of a possible etiologic agent and transmission studies in marmosets. Journal of the American Medical Association 1984; 252 (22): 3140–3145.
Chauhan NT, Prajapati P, Trivedi, AV, et al. Epidemic in- vestigation of the jaundice outbreak in Girdharnagar, Ah- medabad, Gujarat, India, 2008.. Indian journal of community medicine 2010; 35 (2): 294-296.
Raval DA, Chauhan NT, Katara RS, et al. Outbreak of hepa- titis E with bimodal peak in rural area of Bhavnagar, India, 2010. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2012; 5 (3): 190-194.
Dave V, Shah V, Garsondiya J, et al. An Outbreak Investiga- tion of Viral Hepatitis E in Urban Slum Area of Ahmedabad City of Gujarat, India.. GCSMC Journal of Medical Sciences 2012; 1 (1): 12-14.
Dilawari JB, Singh K, Chawla YK, et al. Hepatitis E virus: epidemiological, clinical and serological studies of a north Indian epidemic. Indian J Gastroenterol 1994; 13 (2): 44-48.
Rab MA, Bile MK, Mubarik MM, et al. Water-borne hepati- tis E virus epidemic in Islamabad, Pakistan: a common source outbreak traced to the malfunction of a modern wa- ter treatment plant. Am J Trap Med Hyg 1997; 57 (2): 151-157.
Singh PMP, Handa SK, Banerjee A. Epidemiological inves- tigation of an outbreak of viral hepatitis. Medical Journal Armed Forces India 2006; 62 (4): 332-334.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
