Physical Activity in Control of Diabetes Mellitus: An Underrated Entity

Authors

  • Vinoth Chellaiyan Devanbu Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India
  • Aarthy Arumugam Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India
  • Suruliraman SM Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140220232589

Keywords:

Diabetes, Physical activity, Glycemic control

Abstract

Glycaemic control and reduction in mortality among diabetes can be easily achieved by a cost-effective intervention, Physical activity. Moderate to vigorous intensity activities are usually recommended for diabetics. Structured engagement of diabetes by combining physical activity and modest weight loss activities their risk can be reduced by 58%. But most of the diabetics prefer to remain inactive. Hence this article highlights the importance of physical activity, acute and chronic effects of physical activity on diabetics, recommended level of activity, recommended type of activity and ways to adhere and maintain those activities.

References

Diabetesatlas.org. [cited 2022 Sep 21]. Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org/idfawp/resource-files/2021/07/IDF_Atlas_10th_Edition_2021.pdf

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Fact Sheet: General In-formation and National Esti mates on Diabetes in the United States, 2007. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser-vices Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008

Balducci S, Iacobellis G, Parisi L, et al. Exercise training can modify the natural history of diabetic peripheral neuropa thy. J Diabetes Complications 2006; 20(4):216 -23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.07.005 PMid:16798472

Peyrot M, Rubin RR, Lauritzen T, Snoek FJ, Matthews DR, Skovlund SE. Psychosocial problems and barriers to improved diabetes management: results of the Cross-National Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN) Study. Diabet Med 2005; 22: 1379-1385 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01644.x PMid:16176200

Resnick HE, Foster GL, Bardsley J, Ratner RE. Achievement of American Diabetes Association clinical practice recommendations among U.S. adults with diabetes, 1999-2002: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 531-537 Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1254 PMid:16505501

Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep 1985; 100: 126-131 [PMID: 3920711]

Balducci S, Sacchetti M, Haxhi J, Orlando G, D'Errico V, Fallucca S, Menini S, Pugliese G. Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30 Suppl 1: 13-23 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2514 PMid:24353273

Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Herrmann SD, Meckes N, Bassett DR, Tudor-Locke C, Greer JL, Vezina J, Whitt-Glover MC, Leon AS. 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 1575-1581 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ece12 PMid:21681120

Bauman A, Ainsworth BE, Sallis JF, Hagströmer M, Craig CL, Bull FC, Pratt M, Venugopal K, Chau J, Sjöström M. The descriptive epi-demiology of sitting. A 20-country comparison using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Am J Prev Med 2011; 41: 228-235 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.003 PMid:21767731

Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, Silver MA, Mitchell MS, Alter DA. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease in-cidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2015; 162: 123-132 Doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-1651 PMid:25599350

Hu FB, Li TY, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE. Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA 2003; 289: 1785-1791 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.14.1785 PMid:12684356

American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2015. Diabetes Care 2015; 38: S1-S93 Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-1773 PMid:26404940

Light, Moderate & Vigorous intensities [Internet]. Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit. 2017 [cited 2022 Sep 22]. Avail-able from: https://healthunit.org/health-information/physical-activity-rest/children/light-moderate-vigorous-intensities/

Light, moderate, and vigorous activity [Internet]. SDSU Extension. [cited 2022 Sep 22]. Available from: https://extension.sdstate.edu/light-moderate-and-vigorous-activity

Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Blissmer BJ, Rubin RR, Chasan-Taber L, Albright AL, Braun B; American College of Sports Medicine; American Diabetes Association. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: e147-e167 Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-9990 PMid:21115758 PMCid:PMC2992225

Fagour C, Gonzalez C, Pezzino S, Florenty S, Rosette-Narece M, Gin H, Rigalleau V. Low physical activity in patients with type 2 diabe-tes: the role of obesity. Diabetes Metab 2013; 39: 85-87 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2012.09.003 PMid:23159129

Cuff DJ, Meneilly GS, Martin A, Ignaszewski A, Tildesley HD, Frohlich JJ. Effective exercise modality to reduce insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 2977-2982 Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.11.2977 PMid:14578226

Balducci S, Sacchetti M, Orlando G, Salvi L, Pugliese L, Salerno G, D'Errico V, Iacobini C, Conti FG, Zanuso S, Nicolucci A, Pugliese G. Correlates of muscle strength in diabetes: The study on the assessment of determinants of muscle and bone strength abnormalities in diabetes (SAMBA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24: 18-26 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2013.04.010 PMid:24095149

Suh SH, Paik IY, Jacobs K. Regulation of blood glucose homeostasis during pro longed exercise. Mol Cells 2007;23(3): 272-9

Bajpeyi S, Tanner CJ, Slentz CA, et al. Effect of exercise intensity and volume on persistence of insulin sensitivity during training ces-sation. J Appl Physiol 2009;106(4):1079 – 85 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91262.2008 PMid:19196913 PMCid:PMC2698641

Burke LM, Hawley JA. Carbohydrate and exercise. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1999;2(6):515-20 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00075197-199911000-00015 PMid:10678682

Bergman BC, Butterfifield GE, Wolfel EE, Casazza GA, Lopaschuk GD, Brooks GA. Evaluation of exercise and training on muscle lipid metabolism. Am J Physiol 1999;276(1 Pt 1):E106 -E17 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.1.E106 PMid:9886956

Ploug T, Galbo H, Richter EA. Increased muscle glucose uptake during contractions: no need for insulin. Am J Physiol 1984;247(6 Pt 1):E726 -E731 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1984.247.6.E726 PMid:6391198

Braun B, Sharoff C, Chipkin SR, Beaudoin F. Effects of insulin resistance on substrate utilization during exercise in overweight wom-en. J Appl Physiol 2004;97(3):991-7 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00231.2004 PMid:15133003

Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M, Juel C, Wojtaszewski JF, Dela F. Strength training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2004;53(2): 294 -305. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.2.294 PMid:14747278

Boule NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.JAMA2001;286(10):1218 -27. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.10.1218 PMid:11559268

Johnson NA, Sachinwalla T, Walton DW, et al. Aerobic exercise training re duces hepatic and visceral lipids in obese individuals without weight loss. Hepatology 2009;50(4):1105-12. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23129 PMid:19637289

Minuk HL, Vranic M, Hanna AK, Albi sser AM, Zinman B. Glucoregulatory and metabolic response to exercise in obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Am J Physiol 1981;240:E458 -E464. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1981.240.5.E458 PMid:7015876

Koivisto V, Defronzo R. Exercise in the treatment of type II diabetes. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1984;262(Suppl.): 107-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.104S107

Marliss EB, Vranic M. Intense exercise has unique effects on both insulin re lease and its roles in glucoregulation: implications for di-abetes. Diabetes 2002; 51(Suppl. 1):S271-S283. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.S271 PMid:11815492

Black LE, Swan PD, Alvar BA. Effects of intensity and volume on insulin sensitivity during acute bouts of resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(4): 1109 -16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cbab6d PMid:20093961

Cuff DJ, Meneilly GS, Martin A, Ignaszewski A, Tildesley HD, Frohlich JJ. Effective exercise modality to reduce insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26(11):2977-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.11.2977 PMid:14578226

Gordon LA, Morrison EY, McGrowder DA, et al. Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Complement Altern Med 2008; 8:21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-8-21 PMid:18477407 PMCid:PMC2390515

Christ-Roberts CY, Pratipanawatr T, Pratipanawatr W, et al. Exercise training increases glycogen synthase activity and GLUT4 ex-pression but not insulin sig naling in overweight non- diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism 2004;53(9):1233- 42. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2004.03.022 PMid:15334390

National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group report on hypertension in diabetes. Hypertension 1994;23(2): 145-58; discussion 59 – 60. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.23.2.145 PMid:8307622

Kelley GA, Kelley KA, Tran ZV. Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure: a meta-analytic review of randomized, controlled trials. Prev Cardiol 2001; 4(2):73- 80. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1520-037X.2001.00529.x PMid:11828203 PMCid:PMC2094526

Tudor-Locke C, Bell RC, Myers AM, et al. Controlled outcome evaluation of the First Step Program: a daily physical activity interven-tion for individuals with type II diabetes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28(1):113-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802485 PMid:14569279

Egede LE, Zheng D. Independent factors associated with major depressive disorder in a national sample of individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26(1): 104-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.1.104 PMid:12502665

Droste SK, Gesing A, Ulbricht S, Muller MB, Linthorst AC, Reul JM. Effects of long-term voluntary exercise on the mouse hypothalam-ic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Endocrinology 2003;144(7): 3012-23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0097 PMid:12810557

Boule NG, Weisnagel SJ, Lakka TA, et al. Effects of exercise training on glucose homeostasis: the HERITAGE family study. Diabetes Care 2005;28(1):108-14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.1.108 PMid:15616242

Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008.Washington (DC); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2008. p 683

Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Sceppa C, White RD. Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006;29(6):1433- 8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-9910 PMid:16732040

Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Boule NG, et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:357- 69. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00005 PMid:17876019

Levine JA, Lanningham-Foster LM, Mc Crady SK, et al. Interindividual variation in posture allocation: possible role in human obesity. Science 2005;307(5709): 584 -6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106561 PMid:15681386

Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39(8):1435-45. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2 PMid:17762378

Dutton GR, Tan F, Provost BC, Sorenson JL, Allen B, Smith D. Relationship between self-effificacy and physical activity among pa-tients with type 2 diabetes. J Behav Med 2009;32(3):270 -7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-009-9200-0 PMid:19156510

Gleeson-Kreig J. Social support and physical activity in type 2 diabetes: a social-ecologic approach. Diabetes Educ 2008;34(6):1037- 44. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721708325765 PMid:19075085

Kirk A, Mutrie N, MacIntyre P, Fisher M. Effects of a 12-month physical activity counselling intervention on glycaemic control and on the status of cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004;47(5):821-32. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-004-1396-5 PMid:15138687

Eakin EG, Reeves MM, Lawler SP, et al. The Logan Healthy Living Program: a cluster randomized trial of a telephone delivered physi-cal activity and dietary behavior intervention for primary care patients with type 2 diabetes or hyper tension from a socially dis-advantaged community-rationale, design and recruitment. Contemp Clin Trials 2008; 29(3):439 -54. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2007.10.005 PMid:18055274

Downloads

Published

2023-02-28

How to Cite

1.
Devanbu VC, Arumugam A, SM S. Physical Activity in Control of Diabetes Mellitus: An Underrated Entity. Natl J Community Med [Internet]. 2023 Feb. 28 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];14(02):128-33. Available from: https://njcmindia.com/index.php/file/article/view/2589

Issue

Section

Narrative Review