Clinical Profile & Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is becoming a major cause of morbidity & mortality burden in the developing world. Indians have been associated with a more severe form of CAD that has its onset at a younger age group with a male predominance.

A prospective study was carried out to identify the risk factors and to know the emerging clinical profile in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including S T elevation & Non S T elevation myocardial infarction. We enrolled 200 consecutive patients with typical ECG changes & clinical history, admitted in emergency department from January 2009 to December 2009. A predefined Performa was completed in every patient with a detailed clinical history, physical examinations, and investigation studies. The clinical history revealed information about age, gender, risk factors, and modes of presentation and duration of symptoms. The details of physical examination including anthropometric data, vital signs and complete systemic evaluation were recorded. The regions of infarction and rhythm disturbances were also documented.

Our study showed a significant male predominance with mean age being 56 years. Tobacco was identified as major risk factors (65%) & obesity (BMI more than 25) is least common risk factor (13%).Patients had typical chest pain (94%) and ECG showed anterior wall changes in54%. Forty percent patients developed complications, majority being arrhythmias (60%) and least common is mechanical complication (2.5%)

Thus we conclude that ACS is more common in adult male with tobacco being major risk factors in our population.