Injection Safety and Practices Following Needle Stick Injuries: An Occupational Risk to Health Care Providers in Gujarat
Keywords:
Needle stick injuries, Occupational risk, Health Care WorkerAbstract
Background: An occupational exposure to blood can result from percutaneous (needle stick or other sharps injury) and mucocutaneous injury (splash of blood or other body fluids into the eyes, nose or mouth), or blood contact with non-intact skin. Beside transmission of infectious diseases, it indirectly affects health care delivery services especially in developing countries where demand is high in compare with manpower resources.
Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional conducted among health care workers from a district of Gujarat. During the study, only one injection per health worker was taken into the consideration for better analysis.
Results: Out of 251, 147 (58.56%) had needle stick injury in last one year and majority health workers were nursing staff. It was found that there was significant association who had NSIs previously before one year and injuries within last year and injuries occurred while giving the injections (48%). Only 32% of HCWs had done reporting about their NSIs to the concern authority and 20% followed the protocols of post exposure prophylaxis guidelines.
Conclusion: Under reporting and lack of sensitivity on needles tick injuries had layered up during the study along with safe injection practices. Close monitoring on injection practices, surveillance on NSIs by quality assurance committee and structured communication plan should be in place to avoid health worker at risk and hazard of needle stick injuries.
References
Worker Health Chart book 2004: Blood borne Infec-tions and Percutaneous Exposures DHHS (NIOSH). Publication No 2004:146.
Shiao J, Guo L, McLaws ML: Estimation of the risk of blood borne pathogens to health care workers after a needle stick injury in Taiwan. Am J Infect Control 2002, 30:15-20
Hutin YJF, Hauri AM, Chiarello L, Catlin M, Stilwell B, Ghebrehiwet T Garner J. Best practices develop-ment group. Best infection control practices for intra-dermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular needle in-jections. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81:491-500
IndiaCLEN Program Evaluation Network. Assess-ment of Injection Practices in India (2002-2004): An IPEN Study.
Askarian M, Malekmakan L. The prevalence of needle stick injuries in medical, dental, nursing and midwife-ry students at University teaching hospitals of Shiraz, Iran. Indian J Med Sci 2006;60:227-32
Whitby M, McLaws ML, Slater K. Needle stick injuries in a major teaching hospital: the worthwhile effect of hospital wide replacement of conventional hollow-bore needles. Am J Infect Control 2008; 36:180-6
Makery MA, Al-Attar A, Holzmueller CG, Sexton JB, Syin D, Gilson MM, et al.Needlestick injuries among surgeons in training. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2693-9
Sharma R et al 2010. Prevalence and response of nee-dle stick injuries among health workers of tertiary care hospital, India. Ind J Comm Med 2010;35:74-77
Muralidhar S, Singh PK, Jain RK, Malhotra M, Bala M. Needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of India. Indian J Med Res 2010;131: 405-410.
Singru SA, Banerjee A. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in a teaching hospital in Mumbai, India. Ind J Comm Med 2008;33:26-30.
Afia Zafar, Faiza Habib, Roshan Hadwani, Muslima Ejaz, Khurshid Khowaja, Rozina Khowaja, et al. Im-pact of infection control activities on the rate of needle stick injuries at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan over a period of six years: an observational study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2009;9:78
S salelkar et al. study on needle stick injury care hos-pital. Ind J Pub Health 2010;54:18-20
Askarian M, McLaws ML, Meylan M. Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to standard precau-tions of surgeons and physicians in university-affiliated hospitals of Shiraz, Iran. Int J Infect Dis. 2007;11(3):213-9
Lee NK. Implication of the prevalence of needle stick injuries in a general hospital of Malaysia and its risk in clinical practices. Environ Health Prev Med 2005;10:33-41
Model Injection Centers (MIC): A program to improve injection practices in the country manual, Central Co-ordinating Office Clinical Epidemiology Unit, All In-dia Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. 2004-2005.
Handbook on Safe Injection Practices, National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India; 2014
Worker Health Chart book 2004: Blood borne Infec-tions and Percutaneous Exposures DHHS (NIOSH). Publication No 2004:146.
Shiao J, Guo L, McLaws ML: Estimation of the risk of blood borne pathogens to health care workers after a needle stick injury in Taiwan. Am J Infect Control 2002, 30:15-20
Hutin YJF, Hauri AM, Chiarello L, Catlin M, Stilwell B, Ghebrehiwet T Garner J. Best practices develop-ment group. Best infection control practices for intra-dermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular needle in-jections. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81:491-500
IndiaCLEN Program Evaluation Network. Assess-ment of Injection Practices in India (2002-2004): An IPEN Study.
Askarian M, Malekmakan L. The prevalence of needle stick injuries in medical, dental, nursing and midwife-ry students at University teaching hospitals of Shiraz, Iran. Indian J Med Sci 2006;60:227-32
Whitby M, McLaws ML, Slater K. Needle stick injuries in a major teaching hospital: the worthwhile effect of hospital wide replacement of conventional hollow-bore needles. Am J Infect Control 2008; 36:180-6
Makery MA, Al-Attar A, Holzmueller CG, Sexton JB, Syin D, Gilson MM, et al.Needlestick injuries among surgeons in training. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2693-9
Sharma R et al 2010. Prevalence and response of nee-dle stick injuries among health workers of tertiary care hospital, India. Ind J Comm Med 2010;35:74-77
Muralidhar S, Singh PK, Jain RK, Malhotra M, Bala M. Needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of India. Indian J Med Res 2010;131: 405-410.
Singru SA, Banerjee A. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in a teaching hospital in Mumbai, India. Ind J Comm Med 2008;33:26-30.
Afia Zafar, Faiza Habib, Roshan Hadwani, Muslima Ejaz, Khurshid Khowaja, Rozina Khowaja, et al. Im-pact of infection control activities on the rate of needle stick injuries at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan over a period of six years: an observational study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2009;9:78
S salelkar et al. study on needle stick injury care hos-pital. Ind J Pub Health 2010;54:18-20
Askarian M, McLaws ML, Meylan M. Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to standard precau-tions of surgeons and physicians in university-affiliated hospitals of Shiraz, Iran. Int J Infect Dis. 2007;11(3):213-9
Lee NK. Implication of the prevalence of needle stick injuries in a general hospital of Malaysia and its risk in clinical practices. Environ Health Prev Med 2005;10:33-41
Model Injection Centers (MIC): A program to improve injection practices in the country manual, Central Co-ordinating Office Clinical Epidemiology Unit, All In-dia Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. 2004-2005.
Handbook on Safe Injection Practices, National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India; 2014
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