Age and Opportunistic Infections: Prevalence and Predictors among Older People Living With HIV
Keywords:
HIV, Opportunistic Infection, Older PLHIV, WHO stageAbstract
Objectives: To document prevalence of opportunistic infections (OI) among older people living with HIV and to assess predictors of opportunistic infections among older people living with HIV.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on records of 190 alive older people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged 50 years or more on ART at ART centre, New Civil Hospital, Surat. Socio- demographic variables, WHO stage, CD4 count and OIs were studied.
Statistical analysis: Data was analysed by SPSS software to calcu- late frequencies and measures of central tendencies. Logistic Re- gression model was applied.
Results: Participants mean age was 57.89 ±5.45 years, 66.84% were males. Heterosexual route was major route of HIV transmission. Prevalence of OIs was 63.7%; with Tuberculosis 22.1% most com- mon, followed by ARI 17.2% and Oral candidiasis 13.2%. Baseline WHO clinical stage III (OR: 8.2; CI: 2.873-23.870) and IV (OR:21.7; CI: 3.83-122.90), Baseline CD4 <200 cells/cumm (OR:3.7; CI:1.10-12.11), weight <50kg in last visit (OR:2.9; CI: 1.07-8.23)were predic- tors of OIs among older PLHIV.
Conclusion: Low CD4 count and higher stage of disease at initia- tion of ART, weight <50kg in last visit are predictors for OI by Lo- gistic Regression model
References
UNAIDS Fact sheet 2016 [Internet]. 2016. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet Accessed August 11th, 2016.
UNAIDS report features new HIV statistics and the ageing of epidemic. Available from: http://www.helpage.org/ blogs/rachel-albone-667/unaids-report-features-older- people-and-ageing-of-hiv-epidemic-731/Accessed Apr 19, 2017.
Orchi N, Balzano R, Scognamiglio P, Navarra A, Carli G De, Elia P. Ageing with HIV: newly diagnosed older adults in Italy. AIDS Care - Psychol Socio-Medical Asp AIDS/HIV. 2017;20(4):1–6.
Nissapatorn V, Lee C, Fatt QK, Abdullah KA. AIDS-related opportunistic infections in hospital Kuala Lumpur. Jpn J In- fect Dis. 2003;56:187–92.
Damtie D, Yismaw G, Woldeyohannes D, Anagaw B. Common opportunistic infections and their CD4 cell corre- lates among HIV?infected patients attending at antiretrovi- ral therapy clinic of Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethioia. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:534–40.
Moges NA, Kassa GM. Prevalence of Opportunistic Infec- tions and Associated Factors among HIV Positive Patients taking Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. J AIDS Clin Res. 2014;5(5):1– 6.
Akinyemi JO, Ogunbosi BO, Fayemiwo AS, Adesina OA, Obaro M, Kuti MA, et al. Demographic and epidemiological characteristics of HIV opportunistic infections among older adults in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2017;17(2):315–21.
Shahapur PR, Bidri RC. Recent trends in the spectrum of opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy in South In- dia. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014;5(2):392–6.
Bhaumik P, Debnath K, Sinha B. Spectrum of opportunistic infections among HIV / AIDS patients of Tripura. J Indian Acad Clin Med. 2013;14(3):218–21.
Harikrishna E, Durga P, Kumar DS, Koshore P, Chandra- shekar V. Epidemiological Study of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Sero Positive. J Med Sci Clin Res. 2017;5(5):22397– 401.
Chakraborty N, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Sarkar RN, Banerjee D, Guha SK, et al. Current trends of opportunistic infections among HIV-seropositive patients from eastern India. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008;61(1):49–53.
Mitiku H, Weldegebreal F, Teklemariam Z. Magnitude of opportunistic infections and associated factors in HIV- infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in eastern Ethiopia. HIV/AIDS - Res Palliat Care. 2015;7:137–44.
Rubaihayo J, Tumwesigye NM, Konde-Lule J, Wamani H, Nakku-Joloba E, Makumbi F. Prevalence and Factors Asso- ciated with Opportunistic Infections in HIV Positive Pa- tients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda. Int J Trop Dis Heal Buenos Aires Univ Argentina. 2015;10(1):1–13.
Iroezindu MO, Ofondu EO, Hausler H, Wyk B Van. Preva- lence and Risk Factors for Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource- Limited Setting in Nigeria. J AIDS Clin Res. 2013;01–9.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.
