Substance Use and HIV among Subjects Attending Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre in South India: A Case Control Study

Authors

  • NR Ramesh Masthi Medical officer, Divine mother and child health programme
  • MS Phaneendra Medical officer, Divine mother and child health programme
  • Pradeep Banandur Center for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru
  • Pruthvi S Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru

Keywords:

HIV, Substance use, Case control study, ICTC

Abstract

Introduction: There is limited understanding of the association be- tween various forms of substance use (non-injectable forms name- ly chewable tobacco, smoking and alcohol) and HIV. This study was conducted to assess the association between tobacco chewing, smoking, alcohol, other non-injectable substances and HIV status.

Methods: This was a case control study done among attendees in the Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) of a medical college hospital situated in Bengaluru. Eligible subjects were inter- viewed using pre-tested, semi-structured proforma prior to testing for HIV status. Information on substance use was collected using Modified Fagerstrom questionnaire for smokeless tobacco, CAGE questionnaire for alcohol, CAGE questionnaire for nicotine de- pendence and WHO - ASSIST V3.0 for other non-injectable sub- stances.

Result: Age group of 26-35 years (AOR = 3.70, 95% CI : 1.02 - 13.34), those who were married (AOR = 4.01, 95% CI : 1.31 - 12.28), separated (AOR = 17.45, 95% CI : 3.07 – 98.96), those referred by a doctor (AOR = 5.15, 95% CI : 2.03 – 13.10), chewable tobacco users

(AOR = 11.28, 95% CI : 1.25 - 101.64) and alcohol dependents (AOR = 7.41, 95% CI : 2.02 – 27.25) were found to be at risk for acquiring HIV.

Conclusion: Smokeless tobacco use and alcohol dependence was associated with HIV positivity.

References

Treatment C for SA. Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons with HIV/AIDS [Internet]. Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons with HIV/AIDS. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2000 [cited 2018 Jul 4]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 22514843

Simon F, Mauclère P, Roques P, Loussert-Ajaka I, Müller- Trutwin MC, Saragosti S, et al. Identification of a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 distinct from group M and group O. Nat Med [Internet]. 1998 Sep 1 [cited 2018 Jul 4];4(9):1032–7. Available from: http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9734396

Godbole S, Mehendale S. HIV/AIDS epidemic in India: risk factors, risk behaviour & strategies for prevention & control. Indian J Med Res [Internet]. 2005 Apr [cited 2018 Jul 4];121(4):356–68. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15817949

India HIV Estimations 2015.

Altice FL, Kamarulzaman A, Soriano V V., Schechter M, Friedland GH. Treatment of medical, psychiatric, and substance-use comorbidities in people infected with HIV who use drugs. The Lancet. 2010.

Reback CJ, Fletcher JB. HIV prevalence, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors among transgender women recruited through outreach. AIDS Behav. 2014;

Tripathi A, Rüütel K, Parker DavidParker RD. e s t o n I a. Euro Surveill [Internet]. 2009;14(48). Available from: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?Articl eId=19429

Buckingham E, Schrage E, Cournos F. Why the Treatment of Mental Disorders Is an Important Component of HIV Prevention among People Who Inject Drugs. 2013;690386. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/690386

Michel L, Carrieri MP, Fugon L, Roux P, Aubin H-J, Lert F, et al. Harmful alcohol consumption and patterns of substance use in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretrovirals (ANRS-EN12-VESPA Study): relevance for clinical management and intervention. AIDS Care [Internet]. 2010 Sep 6 [cited 2018 Jul 4];22(9):1136–45. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540121 003605039

Attonito JM, Dévieux JG, Lerner BDG, Hospital MM, Rosenberg R. Exploring Substance Use and HIV Treatment Factors Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment among People Living with HIV/AIDS. Front Public Heal. 2014;

National Guidelines for HIV Testing National Guidelines for HIV Testing National AIDS Control Organisaiton Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. [cited 2018 Jul 5]; Available from: http://www. naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/National_Guidelines_for_H IV_Testing_21Apr2016.pdf

Kumari R, Kumar M, Gulati AK, Sundar S, Mohapatra SC. A Study on the Socio demographic Profile of the Attendees at the ICTC of Institute of Medical Sciences BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Citation. INDIAN J COMMUNITY Heal Indian J Comm Heal. 2016;28(1):42–7.

Mason A. NIH Public Access. 2009;19(9):389–99.

Ewing JA. Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA [Internet]. 1984 Oct 12 [cited 2018 Jul 5];252(14):1905–

Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /6471323

Lairson DR, Harlow K, Cobb J, Harrist R, Martin DW, Ramby R, et al. Screening for Patients with Alcohol Problems: Severity of Patients Identified by the Cage. J Drug Educ [Internet]. 1992 Dec 1 [cited 2018 Jul 5];22(4):337–52. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2190/ H8QV-KAYU-QBYH-1LN3

Group WAW. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): development, reliability and feasibility. Addiction [Internet]. 2002 Sep [cited 2018 Jul 5];97(9):1183–94. Available from: http:// doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00185.x

Joge US, Deo DS, Lakde RN, Choudhari SG, Malkar VR, Ughade HH. Original article Sociodemographic and clinical profile of HIV / AIDS patients visiting to ART Centre at a rural tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra state of India. Int J Biol Med Res. 2012;2(4):1568–72.

De Coninck Z, Feyissa IA, Ekström AM, Marrone G. Improved HIV awareness and perceived empowerment to negotiate safe sex among married women in Ethiopia between 2005 and 2011. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):1–17.

Mondal NI, Takaku H, Ohkusa Y. Impact of age at marriage and migration on HIV and AIDS epidemics in Japan. Int J Equity Health. 2009;8:1–10.

Ghebremichael MS, Finkelman MD. The Effect of Premarital Sex on Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and High Risk Behaviors in Women. J AIDS HIV Res [Internet]. 2013 Feb [cited 2018 Jul 5];5(2):59–64. Available from: http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23626920

Thamattoor U, Thomas T, Banandur P, Rajaram S, Duchesne T, Abdous B, et al. Multilevel analysis of the predictors of HIV prevalence among pregnant women enrolled in annual HIV sentinel surveillance in four states in Southern India. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):1–11.

Van Tieu H, Koblin BA. HIV, alcohol, and noninjection drug use. Curr Opin HIV AIDS [Internet]. 2009 Jul [cited 2018 Jul 5];4(4):314–8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/19532070

Fisher JC, Bang H, Kapiga SH. The Association Between HIV Infection and Alcohol Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of African Studies. Sex Transm Dis [Internet]. 2007 Nov [cited 2018 Jul 5];34(11):856–63. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18049422

Cook RL, Clark DB. Is there an association between alcohol consumption and sexually transmitted diseases? A systematic review. Sex Transm Dis [Internet]. 2005 Mar [cited 2018 Jul 5];32(3):156–64. Available from: http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15729152

Galvan FH, Bing EG, Fleishman JA, London AS, Caetano R, Burnam MA, et al. The prevalence of alcohol consumption and heavy drinking among people with HIV in the United States: results from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. J Stud Alcohol [Internet]. 2002 Mar [cited 2018 Jul 5];63(2):179–86. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/12033694

Banandur P, Rajaram S, Mahagaonkar SB, Bradley J, Ramesh BM, Washington RG, et al. Heterogeneity of the HIV epidemic in the general population of Karnataka state, south India. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(SUPPL. 6).

Dandona L, Dandona R, Kumar GA, Reddy GB, Ameer MA, Ahmed GM, et al. Risk factors associated with HIV in a population-based study in Andhra Pradesh state of India. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2008 Dec [cited 2018 Jul 5];37(6):1274–86. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/18701578

Parry C, Rehm J, Poznyak V, Room R. Alcohol and infectious diseases: an overlooked causal linkage? Addiction [Internet]. 2009 Mar [cited 2018 Jul 5];104(3):331–2. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19207335

Szabo G, Mandrekar P. A recent perspective on alcohol, immunity, and host defense. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009;33(2):220–32.

Wang X, Douglas SD, Metzger DS, Guo C-J, Li Y, O’Brien CP, et al. Alcohol potentiates HIV-1 infection of human blood mononuclear phagocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res [Internet]. 2002;26(12):1880–6.

Downloads

Published

2019-02-28

How to Cite

1.
Masthi NR, Phaneendra M, Banandur P, Pruthvi S. Substance Use and HIV among Subjects Attending Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre in South India: A Case Control Study. Natl J Community Med [Internet]. 2019 Feb. 28 [cited 2024 May 2];10(02):101-7. Available from: https://njcmindia.com/index.php/file/article/view/453

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 02 (2019)

Section

Original Research Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The authors retain the copyright of their article, with first publication rights granted to Medsci Publications.