Impact of Smoking on All-Cause Mortality in Patient Undergoing Cardiovascular and Thoracic Procedures: A Prospective Observational Study

Hadiya Jan; Chetan  Ram; Mohammad Ashraf  Bhat; Farooq Ahmad  Ganie; Manmohan  Singhal; Periyasami  Seenivasan; Mandeep Arora

doi:10.55489/njcm.150920244166

Authors

Hadiya Jan School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
Chetan Ram School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
Mohammad Ashraf Bhat Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Kashmir, India
Farooq Ahmad Ganie Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Kashmir, India
Manmohan Singhal School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
Periyasami Seenivasan ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
Mandeep Arora School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.150920244166

Keywords:

Tobacco smoke, cardiac surgery, Kashmiri population, Sociodemographic

Abstract

Introduction: Tobacco smoke is the primary cause of illness and death in today's society, and cigarette smoking (CS) remains a substantial health risk. The primary goal of this study was to assess the extent of smoking among adult Kashmiri patients who had undergone cardiovascular procedures and to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking in this population.

Methods: A prospective evaluation was conducted on 143 patients who underwent various thoracic and cardio-vascular procedures. With the use of a common, validated questionnaire, data was collected. The investigation utilized Cox proportional hazards regression to explore the associations between smoking and overall mortality, incorporating adjustments for non-communicable diseases, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle variables.

Results: In total, 36.92% (95% CI: 1.54%–1.71%) of people were smokers, with men having a considerably greater prevalence than women (85.42%, 95% CI: 0.75–0.95 vs. 14.58%, 95% CI: 0.08–0.4). The age group of 33–63 years old had the highest rate of smoking prevalence (77.08%). Additionally, the multivariate logistic regression showed that men were substantially more likely than women to smoke (aOR 0.39, 95%CI: 0.28-0.21). A higher odds ratio indicates high cause of smoking.

Conclusions: The chance of mortality from daily smoking increased as the intensity of smoking increased. Consequently, persistent tobacco use is linked to a notably increased likelihood of mortality from any cause. Tobacco smoking necessitates a long-term plan of care. It should be treated with the same rigor as other health risks.

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